Presented by Kent Phillips kentaphillipsgmailcom 2 Maryland Master Gardeners Mission To educate Maryland residents about safe effective and sustainable horticultural practices that build healthy gardens landscapes and communities ID: 710593
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Ingredients to a Successful Vegetable Garden
Presented by: Kent Phillipskent.a.phillips@gmail.comSlide2
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Maryland Master Gardeners’Mission
To educate Maryland residents about safe, effective and sustainable horticultural practices that build healthy gardens, landscapes, and communities.Slide4
www.extension.umd.edu/growit
Grow Your Own Food
We Can Show You How
Click on Classes TabAnd Scroll down to Howard CountySlide5
Ingredients to a
Successful Vegetable
Garden
Healthy soil
Full sun
Sufficient soil moisture and
air
Maximize the use of garden space
Keeping pests to acceptable
levels
IPM
Grow recommended vegetable
varietiesSlide6
Importance Of These Ingredients
Healthy soil grows healthy vegetables which resist insect
attack
Vegetables require maximum sun exposure
Vegetables require an inch of water (.62 gallons) per week per square foot of garden area
Plants can withstand some pest damage (10%) but don’t let it get out of hand.
HGIC recommended vegetables grow
Slide7
What is
Healthy Soil
Soil rich in organic matter
(OM) with
lots of
invertebrates
Has lots
of pores for air and
water
Add OM to garden every year
Build up a reserve of humus
Six
inches of OM for new gardens
One
inch for established gardensSlide8
Healthy soil (cont.)
Soil with proper pH and nutrient
levels
Do
a soil
test
Follow recommendations
Univ. of MD recommends adding .2 lbs. of N/100 sq. ft.
2 lbs. 10-10-10/100 sq. ft.
3 lbs. of 7-3-1 (soybean meal)
1.8 lbs. of 12-0-0 (blood meal)
.2 lbs/% N = lbs. of fertilizerSlide9
Healthy soil (cont.)
Online references at
www.extension.umd.edu/hgic
Click on “Information Library”, “Publications” and “Soil, Mulch and Composting”
HG11 - Soil
test
basics
HG110 - Selecting
and using a soil testing
laboratory
HG
42
- Soil
amendments and fertilizers
HG 35 – Backyard CompostingSlide10Slide11Slide12
SunPlants do best with full day sun
Minimum requirement for fruiting plants is 8-10 hoursMinimum requirement for leafy greens is 6 hours
Some cool season leafy greens (lettuce) will benefit from shade as temperatures increase Slide13
Soil Moisture
On average plants require one inch of
water
a
week
One inch of water equals .62 gal./square foot
On a 4 by 8 foot bed, that’s 20 gallons of water
Moisture needs to be delivered to the plant roots
Most efficient method of delivery is drip
irrigation
http://www.youtube.com/UMDHGIC
Search for “Drip Irrigation”
Alternatively, use a soaker hose
Mulching plants helps conserve soil moisture
http://www.youtube.com/UMDHGIC
Search for “Mulchzilla”
Place mulch over soil after soil has warmedSlide14
Maximizing Space Using Intensive PlantingAssume a four foot wide bed
In a 2 or 3 foot long area plant 5 broccoli plants in an x pattern Plant 4 lettuce plants between the broccoli plantsB L B L BL B L B L
B L B L B Slide15
Intensive planting (con’t)Assume a two by four foot square garden areaPlant three row of green beans (36 plants). Plant twice during the year. Plant legumes after heavy nitrogen feeders.
Plant four rows of beets, carrots or onions (48 beets or carrots, 24 onions) Side dress (add additional fertilizer to) some vegetables as they growPlant peppers and eggplants in the same pattern as broccoli above
Plant tomatoes three feet apart on the north or west side of the gardenSlide16
Succession PlantingCool season vegetables grown spring and fallBroccoli, kale, cauliflower, lettuce, beets, collards, turnips, Swiss chard, carrots, mustard Warm season vegetables start May 15
Tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, squashUse transplants when possible Rotate cropsPlant beans after broccoliDon’t plant tomatoes, eggplant or potatoes where they have been beforeSlide17
Start early, end lateGarden from 4/1 to 12/15See GE 007 or HG 16 for planting datesBroccoli, kale, lettuce, beets, carrots, onions, peas, potatoes can all be put into the garden in mid March through April
In June replace with summer cropsSuccession plant short days to maturity vegetablesCarrots, beets, every 3 weekscucurbits late June, use transplants and row cover
In August, transplant fall broccoli, etc.In late August, early September, plant spinach, lettuce, turnips, and other fall cropsFall spinach and kale will winter over for spring cropSlide18
Integrated Pest Management
95% of insects aren’t vegetable pests
Use simple
steps and common sense
Study – know your pest
Beans –
M
exican bean beetle
C
ucurbits
– s
quash bug, vine bore and cucumber beetle
Brassica
– imported cabbage moth/looper, harlequin bug
Solanaceous plants –Colorado potato beetle,
flea beetle
Spy –
look for pest and eggs under leaves
Squish
large bugs– don’t use insecticide when fingers will work
An once of prevention is worth a pound of
cureSlide19
Common Vegetable PestsMexican Bean Beetle
Adult
Eggs & larvae
Row coverCrushPyrethrum, neem, spinosad spray top and bottom of leavesSlide20
Common Vegetable PestsSquash Bug
AdultEggs & nymphs
No organic pesticide for homeowners
Floating row coverHand pick tear out section of leaf with eggsKill nymphs with neem, horticultural oil or insecticidal soapSlide21
Common Vegetable PestsSquash Vine Bore
Larvae
Floating row coverCut out borer and mound soil over woundSlide22
Common Vegetable PestsCucumber Beetle
StrippedSpotted
Floating row cover
Pyrethrum, neem oil, spinosadSlide23
Common Vegetable PestsImported Cabbage Looper
AdultLarvae
Floating row cover
Bacillus Thuringensis (BT), insecticidal soapPyrethrum, neem, spinosad – use with sticker spreaderSlide24
Common Vegetable PestsHarlequin bug
AdultEggs & nymphs
Row cover
CrushInsecticidal soap alone or with pyrethrum or neemSlide25
Common Vegetable PestsColorado Potato Beetle
AdultsFloating row cover over hoopsSurround (kaolin clay) – reapply after rain
B.t. var. tenebrionis and spinosadSlide26
Common Vegetable PestsFlea Beetle
Adults
Floating row cover over hoopsSurround (kaolin clay) – reapply after rainPyrethrum, neem, spinosadSlide27
Common Vegetable PestsStink Bugs
BMSB AdultSouthern Green Stink Bug
Brown
True hard shell bugs like squash and stink bugs are hard to kill
Use row cover where possible
Hand pick and destroy adults and eggs
Insecticidal soap and botanicals can be used on 1
st
and 2
nd
instars (nymphs)
No organic pesticide available for homeowners to kill adultsSlide28
Beneficials v. Pests
Attract predators and
parasites with flowers
Plant open faced flowers and herbs
Mint
(anise hyssop,
thyme)
Carrot
(dill,
yarrow)
Aster
(tansy, marigold,
zinnia)
Brassica
(alyssum, dames rocket, Asian greens
)
Ultimately, predators will increase as prey is available
Purchasing predators tends not to be effective
Ducks, chickens and
toads
Make a toad houseSlide29
Physical Controls & Barriers
Hand pick and
destroy
Easy with large pests
Squash or drop in soapy water
Apply a barrier on the
plant (Surround)
Kaolin clay
Use label rates
Cover the bed with a barrier (row cover
)
.5 or .6 oz. per square foot
Can use 9 gauge galvanized wire to support row cover or simply lay over plants Slide30Slide31Slide32
Targeted Applications for Specific PestsBacillus ThuringiensisImported cabbage looper and other caterpillars
Horticultural oilsInsecticidal soapSlide33
Broad Spectrum KillersWith all pesticidesAlways read the labelFollow label instructions
Pyrethrums – contact killer nerve toxinPyganic
Spinosad – ingestion, nerve/stomach poisonLow toxicity to beneficial insectsNeem oil – azadirachtin growth regulatorWorks on contact and by ingestionSlide34
ResourcesHome and Garden Information Center (HGIC)800-342-2507
http://www.extension.umd.edu/hgic Click on “Information Library” and “Publications”Grow-It-Eat-It websitehttp://
www.extension.umd.edu/growitClick on “Vegetables”, “Common Vegetable Problems” and “Insect Pests”YouTube - Search subjecthttp://www.youtube.com/UMDHGICSlide35
This program was brought to you by
Maryland Master Gardener ProgramHoward CountyUniversity of Maryland ExtensionSlide36