Dr Ahmed Elyamany Outline Definition of Resources Resource AggregationLoading Problems Associated with Resource Resource Leveling Resource Scheduling What a resource Any thing that is used by an activity to get the work done such as Material Equipment Labor Money ID: 600665
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Slide1
Resources Management
Dr. Ahmed ElyamanySlide2
OutlineDefinition of ResourcesResource Aggregation/LoadingProblems Associated with ResourceResource LevelingResource SchedulingSlide3
What a resource?Any thing that is used by an activity to get the work done, such as: Material, Equipment, Labor, Money, …..Slide4
Resources ClassificationResources can be:Consumable (Money, Material,……)Non Consumable (Labor, Equipment,…)Resources can be:Key or constrained resources
(Skilled labor, Equipment,……)
Secondary or
non-constrained
resources (Labor, …)
General resources, used by all activitiesSlide5
Duration-Driven ScheduleAll CPM scheduling techniques are duration driven schedulesBasic units: activities, durations, relationshipsAssumes resources are available whenever neededDifference between:Working datesCalendar datesSlide6
Optimum Resource UsageNeed of resource is fixed along the project construction timeImpossible to achieve because of activities overlapWork volume = Area = resource units x timeResource demandResource availableSlide7
Resource HistogramGraphically represents resource needsRelation between resource units and timeProcedure:Draw the networkDraw the bar chartDetermine the points where activities start and/or finish.Slide8
Preferred Resource UsageSlide9
Resource Aggregation/LoadingThe summation, on a period-by-period basis, of the resources required to complete all activities based on the schedule carried out in the previous stageThe results are usually shown graphically as a histogramA separate graph will be required for each resourceSlide10
Resource Aggregation/LoadingConsider the following activitiesResource limit = 10 units /weekActivity
Duration (week)
Resources (units/week)
A
B
C
D
E
2
3
2
5
2
Shown in the histogramSlide11
Resource Aggregation/LoadingResource LimitSlide12
Problems Associated with ResourceResource Fluctuation (Resource leveling)Resource Over allocation (Resource Scheduling)
High hiring and firing
Less hiring and firingSlide13
Resource Leveling (Smoothing)Unconstrained resource scheduling (Constrained time)Resource LevelingResource unconstrained (No limits on resources)Time (Project completion) constrained; project duration not be delayedReduce the difference between the peaks and the valleysAverage resource usageThe objective is to smooth the use of the resources to avoid the resource fluctuationSlide14
Resource Leveling (Smoothing)Slide15
Resource Leveling (Smoothing)Slide16
Resource Leveling (Smoothing)Heuristic Method ProcedurePrepare a complete activity scheduleDraw a bar chart based on ES timingsDraw the FF as dashed line beside the upper side of the bar and the TF beside the lower sidePut the resource usage in each bar of the related activity
Critical activities to be drawn first (do not move them)
Aggregate the resources in each time periodSlide17
Resource Leveling (Smoothing)Heuristic Method ProcedureCalculate the total usage of resources = Σ unit period usageCalculate the average resource usage = Σ usage / utilization periodShift non-critical activities within their FF first, then their TF to decrease the peaks and raise the valleys
Revise the activities float
Aggregate the resources in each time periodSlide18
Resource Leveling (Example)ActivityActivity Duration (Weeks)
Predecessors
Resource
(units/week)
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
0
2
5
3
2
6
6
6
4
2
7
3
2
2
-
1
1
1
2
2
3
4
4
5, 6
6, 7
2, 8
2, 8, 9
10, 11, 12, 13
0
0
2
2
1
2
3
1
0
4
2
2
4
0Slide19
Resource Leveling (Example)Slide20
Resource Leveling (Example)ActivityESEF
FF
TF
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
0
0
0
0
2
2
5
3
3
8
11
9
9
18
0
2
5
3
4
8
11
9
7
10
18
12
11
20
0
0
0
0
4
0
0
0
2
8
0
6
7
0
0
3
0
6
12
3
0
6
9
8
0
6
7
0Slide21
Resource Leveling (Example)Slide22
Resource Leveling (Example)Slide23
Resource Leveling (Example)Slide24
Resource Leveling (Example)Slide25
Resource Leveling (Example)Slide26
Resource SchedulingConstrained resource scheduling (Unconstrained time)Resource SchedulingConstrained ResourcesUnconstrained project completion; project time may be delayedReduce the resource usage to be less than the resource availabilityThe objective is to meet the resources limitsSlide27
Resource SchedulingSlide28
Resource SchedulingIs there is a way to prioritize activities That compete for the limited resourcesso that the net project delay isminimized?Slide29
Resource SchedulingResource Scheduling Rules of ThumbMany rules have been experimented withLeast TF were found to be most effectiveLeast LS has the same effect as the least TF and doesn’t require network recalculationsIn case of a tie use least TFSlide30
Resource SchedulingProcedurePrepare a complete activity scheduleAggregate the daily resource demandIf demand greater than available then determine activities compete for resourcesPrioritize these activities based on their LSAllocate resources to some activities and delay the others
Put your solution in table formatSlide31
Resource Scheduling (Example)Activity
Duration (Weeks)
Predecessors
Resource (units/week)
R1≤8
R2≤1
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
6
4
2
8
4
10
16
8
6
6
10
-
-
-
A
D
B
B
F
E, H
C
G, J
3
6
4
0
4
0
4
2
4
5
2
0
1
0
1
1
1
0
0
1
1
0Slide32
Resource Scheduling (Example)Slide33
Resource Scheduling (Example)Slide34
Resource Scheduling (Example)Slide35
QuestionsContact:Dr. Ahmed Elyamany019-4100-824
a2hyamany@yahoo.com