The Big Picture: American culture underwent rapid and radical change in the 1920s. Large - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

The Big Picture: American culture underwent rapid and radical change in the 1920s. Large population shifts and new technologies transformed the nation from rural to urban and from traditional to modern.

Chapter 20:

The Roaring TwentiesSlide2

Main Idea: The United States experienced many social changes during the 1920s.

Chapter 20

Section

1: American Life ChangesSlide3

New Roles for Women

New Opportunities

19

th

Amendment

women run for office and take advantage of new rightWomen tended to vote the same way as their husbands and fathers.Due to economic boom, women began to join the workforce again.Mostly low paying professions.

New Family RolesRules that defined women’s role in society began to change.Continued to play a key role in the home, but some sought more equality with men.The Flapperrefers to a young woman in the 1920s who defied traditional ideas of proper dress and behavior.Suggested a lifestyle of freedom and independence.Not all women were flappers.

Jazz AgeSlide4

Effects of UrbanizationA growing divide between the

cities and the countryside

.

Farmers did not join in on the “good times” of the 1920s.

People began moving from rural areas to cities.

The car shrank the distance between rural and urban.Rural countryside had more access to the latest trends and lifestyles of the cities.Slide5

Conflict Over Values

There was a large divide between the values of rural America and urban America:

Rural America represented

traditional

America: hard working, self-reliant, religious, and independent.

Urban America represented changes that threatened these values.Ku Klux Klan grew rapidly in the 1920s as the threat to these traditional values increased.Targeted African Americans, immigrants, Catholics, and

Jews.Fundamentalism or Christian beliefs that were based on a literal interpretation of the bible increased.Slide6

Scopes Trial

Fundamentalism and science came into conflict, especially over evolution.

Fundamentalists did not want evolution taught in public school, went as far as to have laws passed outlawing the teaching of

evolution

.

Opponents of these laws wanted to challenge it.John Scopes, a science teacher in Tennessee, challenged it and was arrested for it.The nation followed the trial closely.

Scopes was represented by Clarence Darrow while William Jennings Bryan led the prosecution.Scopes was found guilty of breaking the law, but the trial was really about politics.Freedom of speech, difference between traditional and new values.Slide7

Prohibition

WWI aided the prohibitionists fight, there was a need for self-discipline during the war and the need for grains that alcohol was made of.

Religious groups, Nativists, and women supported the fight against alcohol.

In 1917 Congress proposed an amendment to make it illegal to manufacture, transport, and sell alcohol in the United States.

Ratified the

18th amendment in 1919.Enforcing Prohibition was difficult,

bootleggers smuggled alcohol for the masses for consumption in speakeasies.Mobsters got in on the business as well.Slide8

Main Idea: Transformations in the African American community contributed to a blossoming of black culture centered in Harlem, New York.

Chapter 20

Section

2: The Harlem RenaissanceSlide9

The Great MigrationAfrican Americans moved in mass from the South to the North to

escape racism, segregation, and search for jobs.

Mass movement was called

The Great Migration

.

North was no better than the South.Men returning from war wanted their jobs back, tension between whites and blacks over jobs intensified.Erupted in Race Riots in ChicagoMany African Americans believed that by helping fight in WWI they earned more freedom.Slide10

W.E.B. Dubois

Helped found the

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

that worked to end discrimination and mistreatment of African Americans in the United States.

Was the editor of the magazine

The Crisis that was a major source of African American writing and poetry.Helped promote the African American arts movement in New York known as The Harlem Renaissance.Slide11

Marcus Garvey

Garvey took great pride in his African roots.

Founded the

Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA)

to encourage African Americans to take pride in their heritage.

Promoted Self-RelianceUNIA’s slogan was Back to Africa.Believed that African Americans needed to build a base of economic success

.Very critical of the NAACP.Slide12

A Renaissance in Harlem

James Weldon Johnson wrote “Lift Every Voice and Sing,” who rose to the top of NAACP leadership and his song became the

organization’s official anthem

.

Common theme was

defiance or resistance in the face of white prejudice.Langston Hughes, a famous poet, wrote of defiance but also hope. Zora

Neale Hurston a famous writer for the variety of work she produced.Lift Every Voice and SingSlide13

Harlem ArtistsWilliam H. Johnson, Aaron Douglas, and Jacob Lawrence

Often focused on the experiences of African Americans in their workSlide14

Harlem Music

Jazz

and blues travelled from the South to the North.

Very exciting, improvised, fast or slow, and very easy to dance to.

Famous jazz clubs: Savoy Ballroom and the Cotton Club.

Mostly played for white audiences.Louis Armstrong one of the most famous jazz players.Other famous artists were Cab Calloway, Duke Ellington, and Fats Waller.Bessie Smith one of the most famous blues vocalistsSlide15

Main Idea: New technologies helped produce a new mass culture in the 1920s.

Chapter 20 Section 3:

A New Popular Culture is BornSlide16

Mass Entertainment in the 1920s

one of the most influential inventions due to the ability to play music and news

Westinghouse Company created first radio station

KDKA

to play music and news, other stations quickly joined.

With the invention of batteries, radio’s became portable.shared culture amongst Americans-brought country and city together

Previous to the 1920s movies had been short and simple.During WWI D.W. Griffith produced The Birth of a Nation, which was considered controversial for racist themes and images.Introduced many advanced filmmaking techniques.Established film as an art form.Films with sound were also introduced.Radio

Movies

Birth of a NationSlide17

Movie Stars

The popularity of movies in the 1920s helped

to create a new type of celebrity: The Movie Star.

Charlie Chaplin

was one of the biggest stars in the 1920s for his signature character – a tramp with ragged clothes and a derby hat.

Rudolf Valentino was a super star in the silent films, known for his dark and handsome roles.Clara Bow was the female sex symbol of the 1920s.Slide18

Airplane Heroes

Charles A. Lindbergh

flew a single pilot plane from New York to Paris.

First pilot to attempt and complete a

transatlantic flight

, or flight across the Atlantic ocean.He was young, tall, and handsome and a solid example of many qualities American’s admired.Amelia Earhart

was the first woman to fly across the Atlantic, a little over a year after Lindbergh.In 1937 she attempted to fly around the world.She disappeared somewhere in the Pacific and was never found.Slide19

Sports in the 1920sAs technology developed to allow Americans to keep up with different sports teams, Americans became devoted to different teams and their players.

Radio helped Americans to keep up with their favorite players and teams.

American athletes became the most

famous and wealthiest individuals

in the world.Slide20

Arts of the 1920sF. Scott Fitzgerald

is one of the most influential writers of the 1920s.

Wrote “Bernice Bobs Her Hair” which helped create the image of the Flapper,

Tales of the Jazz Age

which helped coin the name of the decade, and

The Great Gatsby which explored the lives of the rich and examined the values of the upper class.WWI had a deep impact on American writers and gave them powerful experiences to write about.Lost Generation of writers moved to Europe following WWI to give themselves more of the freedom that they desired.