An Overview for Senior Leadership Senior Leadership Programme New York 22 July 2015 Highlevel Independent Panel on Peace Operations Each and every peacekeeper military police and civilian ID: 531380
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Slide1
The Protection of Civilians:
An Overview for Senior Leadership
Senior Leadership
Programme
New York
22 July 2015Slide2
High-level Independent Panel on Peace Operations
“Each
and every peacekeeper – military, police and civilian –
must pass this test
when crisis presents itself
.”
The commitment of mission leadership … will ultimately define effectiveness. A determined, proactive posture –politically and operationally – must be driven from the top by mission leadership as well as by the Secretariat.
“Protection of civilians is a core obligation of the United Nations…” Slide3
Protection of Civilians
Protecting civilians is a pre-existing
responsibility of Governments
Governments retain the
primary responsibility
in all casesPeace operations should first support GovernmentsWhere unwilling or unable, mandated peacekeepers can act to protect in place of the GovernmentPOC is a whole-of-mission effortSlide4
The Protection Architecture
The Protection of Civilians in Peacekeeping
Mission-specific mandates
The largest 10 peacekeeping missions have POC mandates (95% of peacekeepers) (UNMISS, UNAMID, UNISFA, UNIFIL, MONUSCO, MINUSMA, MINUSCA, MINUSTAH, UNMIL, UNOCI)
Political missions with POC-related mandates: UNAMA, UNOCI, UNAMI
Child Protection: Children and Armed Conflict (CAAC)
9 peace operations with CAAC mandates (UNAMI, UNAMA, UNSOM; MINUSCA, MINUSMA, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, UNAMID, UNMISS)Mechanism is co-led between SRSG of mission and UNICEF country rep, HQ lead is SRSG-CAACWomen’s Protection: Conflict-related Sexual Violence (CRSV) Six peace operations with CRSV mandates and Women’s Protection Advisors (UNMISS, UNAMID, MONUSCO, MINUSCA, MINUSMA, UNOCI)Led in-mission by SRSG, at HQ by SRSG for Sexual Violence in ConflictSlide5
Children and Armed Conflict (CAAC)
Child: Anyone under 18 years of age
SG reports to the Security Council annually
Listing of parties to conflict that commit patterns of grave violations against children
Reports commitments made to end grave violations
A solution-oriented mandateSlide6
Child Protection Advisors in peace operations
Mainstreaming child protection and training all mission
personnel
Monitoring
and reporting on six grave violations against children
Dialogue and advocacy with parties to conflict to end grave violations
Strengthening child protection capacity of national counterpartsMonitoring & Reporting Mechanism (MRM): SCR 1612 (2005)Six grave violations against children in situations of armed conflict: Recruitment, Abduction, Killing/maiming, Rape/sexual violence,
Schools/hospitals attacks, Humanitarian accessListing of parties to conflict in SG’s annual reports on CAACNegotiation of action plans to end grave violations
Children and Armed Conflict (CAAC)Slide7
Conflict-related Sexual Violence (CRSV)
“Conflict-related sexual violence refers to incidents or patterns of sexual violence, that is rape, sexual slavery, forced prostitution, forced pregnancy, enforced sterilization, or any other form of Sexual violence of comparable gravity, against women, men, girls or boys”. Slide8
Conflict-related Sexual Violence
Women’s Protection Advisers in Peace Operations:
Address CRSV concerns at
the political
level, including through peace
agreements; Coordinate implementation of Monitoring, Analysis & Reporting Arrangements (MARA);Facilitate
dialogue with parties to the conflict, including government security & law enforcement agencies as well as armed groups; Mainstream CRSV considerations in the work of military, police & civilian components, & build their capacity to address CRSV. Monitoring, Analysis & Reporting Arrangements (MARA): SCR 1960 (2010):Ensure systematic gathering of timely, accurate, reliable & objective information on CRSV;
Promote increased & timely action to prevent & respond to CRSV; Inform strategic advocacy, enhance prevention & programmatic responses for survivors;Slide9
Protection of Civilians in Peacekeeping
Mandate established in 1999:
“All necessary means to protect civilians under imminent threat of physical violence, within capabilities and areas of deployment and without prejudice to the host government”
First official
authorisation
to use force apart from
self-defence or vague security mandatesAuthorises force regardless of the source of the threat“Imminent” = Not time-boundMissions limited by resources, but resources must be used strategically, proactivelySlide10
Protection of Civilians
(in Peacekeeping)
Operational measures
Mission-specific Protection of Civilian Strategies
Mission- or UN-wide assessments of risks to civilians
Senior and working-level coordination mechanisms Slide11
Protection of Civilians in Peacekeeping
Three Tiers of POC Action
Tier I: Protection through political dialogue and engagement
Political good offices
Mediation
Tier II: Physical protection
DeterrencePre-emptionResponseConsolidation(Primarily military or police)Tier III: Building a protective environment
Facilitating humanitarian assistanceHuman rights investigationsPolice reformJudicial reformSecurity Sector reformSlide12
POC v. Politics: Common Assumptions
Protection of Civilians:Short-termReactiveConflict contexts
Led by Force or Humanitarians
Done without Host Government
Politics:
Medium- to Long-termPlanned, deliberativePeacebuilding contextsLed by Political ComponentLed by / Supportive of Host GovernmentSlide13
Protection of Civilians Policy in Peacekeeping
First DPKO-DFS Policy for POCBased on 15 years of lessons learned, successes and failuresAssociated Military GuidelinesPolice Guidelines under developmentSlide14
Senior POC Advisers
Jeffrey Bunger, UMISSZurab
Elzarov
, UNAMID
Baptiste Martin, MINUSCA
Koffi Wogomebou, MONUSCOBegona Gozanlez, MINUSMA