Unit 1 Chp 3 A Structure Cell Theory Introduction Cytology study of cells Robert Hooke coined the word cell Matthias Schleiden plants made of cells Theodor Schwann animals made of cells ID: 472361
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Slide1
Cells: cytology part I
Unit 1
Chp
3Slide2
A. Structure
Cell TheoryIntroduction
Cytology – study of cells
Robert Hooke – coined the word cell
Matthias
Schleiden
– plants made of cells
Theodor Schwann – animals made of cells
Rudolf Virchow – cells come from preexisting cells Slide3
b. 3 principles
Slide4
2. Levels of Cellular Organization
a. Unicellular – 1 cell; algae, protozoans
, bacteria
b.
Multicellular
1) Many cells
2) Colonial – similar cells living togetherSlide5
3) Tissue – similar cells working together
4) Organ – several tissues working together 5) Organ system – group of organs that complete a function
6) All systems rely on others for survivalSlide6
B. Cell Anatomy
Two Types Eukaryotic
Have membrane around nucleus
Have organelles in cytoplasm
Prokaryotic
No membrane bound nucleus
No membrane bound organellesSlide7
Prokaryotic EukaryoticSlide8
2. Cell Boundaries
a. Plasma membranes 1) Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
2) Aka – cell membrane
3) Outermost membrane
4)
Phospholipid
bilayer
5) Hydrophobic/
philic ends 6) Proteins let things through (pg 77)Slide9
b. Cell Walls
1) Only plants 2) Outer most layer
3) Rigid and made of cellulose
4) Primary wall – made when cell is still developing
5) Secondary wall
a) Produced when cell is mature
b) More cellulose than primary wallSlide10
3. Cytoplasm
a. Holds all organelles b. Jelly-like
c.
Cytoplasmic
organelles
(pg 80 – 85)
1) Mitochondria
a) “Powerhouse”
b) Make energy from sugar
c) 2 membranesSlide11
i. Outer – smooth ii. Inner
i
) Lots of folds – increase surface area
ii) Called
cristae
d) Contain own DNA
e) Numerous to few in a cellSlide12Slide13
2) Ribosomes
a) Made of protein and RNA b) Makes protein
c) Free floating or on ER
3) Endoplasmic reticulum
a) Transport system and holds shape
b) 2 kinds
i
. RER – has ribosomes
ii. SER – detoxifies Slide14
Ribosomes
Endoplasmic ReticulumSlide15
4) Golgi Apparatus
a) Packaging – proteins and lipids b) Sacs get pinched off
5) Lysosomes
a) Garbage men
b) Have digestive enzymes
c) Bacteria and nonfunctional cellsSlide16
Golgi Apparatus
LysosomesSlide17
6) Cytoskeleton
a) Frame of cell b) Railroads
c) Has microtubules and microfilaments
7) Flagella
a) Usually only 1
b) Long extension for locomotionSlide18
8) Cilia
a) Cover entire cell b) Shorter than flagella
c) Can move cell or move surroundingsSlide19Slide20
9) Plastids
a) In plants and algae b) Chloroplast –
chromoplast
organelle used to change light into energy
i
.
Thylakoids
– flattened sacs
ii.
Grana – stacks of thylakoids which contain chlorophyll Slide21
10) Vacuoles and Vesicles (pg 85)
a) Vacuoles – Organelle that contains water, food, waste, or other material b) Vesicles – more mobile than vacuoles
c)
Turgor
Pressure – water pressure in a cellSlide22
Turgor Pressure – sped up
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fNyYuVarTIQTurgor Pressure – matches http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qrp7V0Q5qYQSlide23
4. Nucleus
a. Control center b. DNA replication happens here
c. Nuclear envelope
1) Double membrane around nucleus
2) Nuclear pores – openings in envelope
3) Holds DNA
4) Nucleolus – contains RNA and starts to make proteinsSlide24Slide25
C. Cells and their environment
Homeostasis
Keeping a steady condition
Constantly collects info and interprets
Temperature
Solutions
Isotonic – concentration same inside and out of cellSlide26
2) Hypotonic
a) Higher concentration of water outside the cell b) Cell absorbs water
c)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OYoaLzobQmk
3) Hypertonic
a) Higher concentration of water inside the cell
b) Water diffuses out
c)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IRQLRO3dIp8
Slide27Slide28
2. Transportation across membrane
a. Passive Transport 1) No energy needed
2) Diffusion and osmosis
3) Speed
a) Size
b) Shape
c) Electrical chargesSlide29
b. Active Transport
1) Need energy – against concentration gradient 2) Aka – pump
3) Carrier proteins – allow only certain things to pass through
4)
Na
+
K
+
pumpSlide30
Slide31
c. Endocytosis and Exocytosis
1) Active transport 2) Endocytosis
a) Into the cell
b)
Phagocytosis
– One cell ingesting another; solid material
c)
Pinocytosis
– moves fluids
3) Exocytosis – out of the cellSlide32Slide33
Endocytosis vs. Exocytosis
(2min)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qpw2p1x9CicSodium-Potassium Pump
(3min)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=awz6lIss3hQ
Diffusion, solutions, and more!
(12min)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dPKvHrD1eS4