Chapter 1 - PowerPoint Presentation

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Chapter 1

US History:

Exploration and the Colonial EraSlide2

Earliest Americans came from land bridge over the Bering Straits

Estimates say by 1492 were 54 million people in the Americas!!

I CAN EXPLAIN THE MOVEMENT OF NATIVE PEOPLES TO THE AMERICASSlide3

Major Native American Civilizations

Incas

Peru

Mayans

Central America

Aztecs

Mexico

I CAN IDENTIFY THE THREE MAJOR NATIVE CIVILIZATIONS IN THE AMERICA’SSlide4

North American Native Cultures

Corn planting allowed civilization of the North American continent

MAJOR CIVILIZATIONS

Pueblo

--American Southwest

Mound Builders-

-Ohio River Valley

Iroquois-

-present day NY

I CAN IDENTIFY THE THREE MAJOR NATIVE CIVILIZATIONS IN THE AMERICA’SSlide5

The Iroquois

Located in present day New York area

Led by leader Hiawatha

Developed the Iroquois Confederacy

I CAN DESCRIBE THE IROQUOIS CONFEDERACYSlide6
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Early discoverers of the Americas included the Norsemen from Scandinavia

Settled in area presently known as Newfoundland, but they called it Vinland

Most famous Viking explorer was Leif Ericson

I CAN EXPLAIN THE IMPACT OF THE NORSEMEN ON AMERICAN HISTORYSlide11

3 Things That That Encouraged Exploration

Christian Crusades

created a taste for Asian goods

Marco Polo

(Prince of Liars) went to China and stayed for 20 years and told of coals, silk, and fireworks

The Renaissance-

-means a rebirth of learning. Peak was 1400s

I CAN LIST 3 THINGS THAT ENCOURAGED EXPLORATIONSlide12

PORTUGAL

Portugal

first country to encourage trading and exploration and spurred on by Prince Henry the Navigator

Traveled to the tip of Africa

Bartholomeu

Dias

Vasco de Gama

Traveled around the southern tip of Africa

I CAN EXPLAIN PORTUGUESE EXPLORATION AND ITS EFFECTSSlide13

Treaty of

tordesillas

1494

Spain

Portugal

Authorized the Pope to divide the New World with the Line of Demarcation

Eastern half went to Portugal

Western half went to Spain

I CAN IDENTIFY THE IMPORTANCE OF THE TREATY OF TORDESILLASSlide14

Ferdinand and Isabella

Leaders of Spain that united Spain with good leadership and money

Sponsored Christopher Columbus in 1492

I CAN IDENTIFY THE IMPACT OF FERDINAND AND ISABELLA OF SPAINSlide15

CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS

Sponsored by Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain

Traveled with 3 ships: Nina,

Pinta

, and Santa Maria

Landed in San Salvador and mistakenly called the natives Indians and because of this the Bahamas becomes known as the West Indies

I CAN ASSESS THE IMPACT OF CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS ON THE NEW WORLDSlide16

What does this drawing show? Look at the background, what symbols are present? How are the Indians perceived in this picture? What changes in relations between Europeans and Indians do you think will take place?Slide17

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What does the picture and caption tell you? Do you think the Spanish were helping Native Americans? What are some ironies/paradoxes you notice based on this picture? How much of a motive was religion in the brutality of the conquest of the Americas?Slide18
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* Squash * Avocado * Peppers * Sweet Potatoes

* Turkey * Pumpkin * Tobacco * Quinine

* Cocoa * Pineapple * Cassava * POTATO

* Peanut * Tomato * Vanilla * MAIZE * Syphilis

*

Olive * Coffee Beans * Banana * Rice

* Onion * Turnip * Honeybee * Barley

* Grape * Peach * Sugar Cane * Oats

* Citrus Fruits * Pear * Wheat *

HORSE

* Cattle * Sheep * Pig * Smallpox

* Flu * Typhus * Measles * Malaria

* Diphtheria * Whooping Cough

Columbian Exchange

or the transfer of goods involved 3 continents, Americas, Europe and Africa

90% of Native Population

Will die b/c of disease!

I CAN IDENTIFY THE BACKGROUND AND GOODS OF THE COLUMBIAN EXCHANGESlide20
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7 Famous Spanish Conquistadores

Balboa

Ferdinand Magellan

Ponce de Leon

Coronado

Hernando de Soto

Pizzaro

Hernando Cortes

I CAN LIST AND IDENTIFY THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SPANISH CONQUISTADORESSlide25

Vasco Balboa

Spanish conqueror who first saw the Pacific Ocean

Named it the South Sea

1513

I CAN LIST AND IDENTIFY THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SPANISH CONQUISTADORESSlide26

Ferdinand Magellan

First man to circumnavigate the world

Started with 5 ships and 260 people, came back with one ship and 17 people

Killed by natives in the Philippines

1519

I CAN LIST AND IDENTIFY THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SPANISH CONQUISTADORESSlide27

Ponce de Leon

Florida

While looking for gold and silver and the “fountain of youth” he discovered Florida

1513

I CAN LIST AND IDENTIFY THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SPANISH CONQUISTADORESSlide28

Francisco

Coronado

Heard of the “7 Cities of Gold”

Discovered the Grand Canyon

I CAN LIST AND IDENTIFY THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SPANISH CONQUISTADORESSlide29

Hernando de Soto

1

st

to find the Mississippi River and nicknamed it the “Father of Waters”

I CAN LIST AND IDENTIFY THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SPANISH CONQUISTADORESSlide30

Pizarro

Conquered the Inca’s in Peru

Inca’s

1532

I CAN LIST AND IDENTIFY THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SPANISH CONQUISTADORESSlide31

“Governor Pizarro now sent Friar Vicente de

Valverde to go speak to

Atahuallpa, and to require Atahuallpa in the name of God and of the King of Spain that Atahuallpa subject himself to the law of our Lord Jesus Christ and to the service of His Majesty the King of Spain. Advancing with a cross in one hand and the Bible in the other hand, and going among the Indian troops up to the place where Atahuallpa was, the Friar thus addressed him: ‘I am a Priest of God, and I teach Christians the things of God, and in like manner I come to teach you. What I teach is that which God says to us in this Book. Therefore, on the part of God and of the Christians, I beseech you to be their friend, for such is God’s will, and it will be for your good.’ Slide32

“

Atahuallpa asked for the Book, that he might look at it, and the Friar gave it to him closed.

Atahuallpa did not know how to open the Book, and the Friar was extending his arm to do so, when Atahuallpa, in great anger, gave him a blow on the arm, not wishing that it should be opened. Then he opened it himself, and, without any astonishment at the letters and paper he threw it away from him five or six paces, his face a deep crimson. Slide33

“The Friar returned to Pizarro, shouting, ‘Come out! Come out, Christians! Come at these enemy dogs who reject the things of God. That tyrant has thrown my book of Holy Law to the ground! Did you not see what happened?! Why remain polite and servile toward this over-proud dog when the plains are full of Indians? March out against him, for I absolve youSlide34

“The Friar returned to Pizarro, shouting, ‘Come out! Come out, Christians! Come at these enemy dogs who reject the things of God. That tyrant has thrown my book of Holy Law to the ground! Did you not see what happened?! Why remain polite and servile toward this over-proud dog when the plains are full of Indians? March out against him, for I absolve you!”Slide35

Aztecs of Mexico

1519

Hernando Cortes

Conquered the Aztecs of Mexico

I CAN LIST AND IDENTIFY THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SPANISH CONQUISTADORESSlide36

MONTEZUMA

Aztec leader when the Spanish arrived

Tenochtitlan

--Aztec capital, today it is called Mexico CitySlide37

System of forced labor the Spanish forced brutally upon the Native Americans

ENCOMIENDA

SYSTEM

I CAN DESCRIBE THE ENCOMIENDA SYSTEMSlide38

St. Augustine

1565

First permanent Spanish settlement in the United States

I CAN IDENTIFY THE FIRST MAJOR SPANISH SETTLEMENT IN NORTH AMERICASlide39

“Black Legend”

Misconception that all the Spanish did was rob, rape, and kill the Natives

In reality, they clothed, educated, married, converted Natives

I CAN DESCRIBE THE IDEA OF THE “BLACK LEGEND”Slide40

Don Juan de Onate

Conquistador who abused and conquered the Pueblo Indians in New Mexico

1599

I CAN LIST AND IDENTIFY THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SPANISH CONQUISTADORESSlide41

Cabrillo

Conquistador who discovered the coast of California

I CAN LIST AND IDENTIFY THE IMPORTANCE OF THE SPANISH CONQUISTADORES