a measure of the extent to which two variables change together How well does A predict B The correlation may be positive negative or have no relationship Correlation A positive correlation ID: 647431
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Slide1
Correlation
Correlation:
a measure of the extent to which two variables change together.
How well does A predict B?
The correlation may be positive, negative, or have no relationship.Slide2
Correlation
A
positive correlation
is expressed when both variables move in the same direction.Variable A goes up when variable B goes upVariable A goes down when variable B goes downSlide3
Correlation
A
negative correlation
is expressed when the variables move in the opposite direction.Variable A goes up and variable B goes downVariable A goes down and Variable B goes upSlide4
Correlation
The strength of the correlation is stated as a
correlation coefficient
0
+.5
+1.0
-.5
-1.0
Negative Correlation
Positive Correlation
No
CorrelationSlide5
Correlation
Correlations are graphed on a
scatter plot.Slide6
CorrelationSlide7
CorrelationSlide8
CorrelationSlide9
CorrelationSlide10
CorrelationSlide11
Correlation
Does this represent a positive or negative correlation?Slide12
Correlation and Causation
Correlation helps predict, but it does not imply cause and effect.
Association does not prove causation.
Correlation indicates the possibility of a cause/effect relationship, but doesn’t prove it.Slide13Slide14Slide15Slide16Slide17Slide18Slide19Slide20Slide21Slide22Slide23
CorrelationsSlide24
Genuine correlation studies can help researchers.
Move beyond observation to organizing information to look for patterns and relationships between
variables
.But cannot determine cause and effect.Slide25Slide26Slide27Slide28
Illusory Correlations
Illusory Correlation
is the perception of a relationship where none actually exist.
Perceived non-existent correlationA random coincidenceSlide29
Illusory Correlations
Illusory Correlation about conceiving children after adopting
Conceive
Do not conceive
Adopt
Confirming evidence
Disconfirming evidence
Do not adopt
Disconfirming evidence
Confirming evidenceSlide30
Female EmotionalityIllusory Correlations
Were the participants emotional?
Yes
No
Yes
No
Were the participants women?Slide31
Illusory Correlations
Feline high-rise syndrome
132 cats admitted to Animal Medical Center
Falls ranged from 2 to 32 storiesOnly 8 died from injuriesHigh number of auto accidents during rush hourThe checkout line you join is slowestElevator headed in wrong directionSlide32
Illusory Correlations
Psychic predictions
Out of sync relationships
You want to go out, friend/partner wants to stay at homeYou tend to seewhat you are looking for