A concept for controlling passenger flows ICRAT Philadelphia June 2024 2016 Nicolas Bontikous Franziska DiekeMeier and Hartmut Fricke wwwifltudresdende Agenda Motivation Metric to assess passenger handling processes ID: 545428
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The potential of modern mobile technologies to improve airport operationsA concept for controlling passenger flowsICRATPhiladelphia, June 20-24, 2016
Nicolas Bontikous,Franziska Dieke-Meier and Hartmut Frickewww.ifl.tu-dresden.deSlide2
AgendaMotivationMetric to assess passenger handling processesConcept for controlling
passenger flowsSimulationResultsConclusion
ICRAT 2016 | The potential of modern mobile technologies to improve airport operations
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2
A
genda
Source: Infraestructura Aerospacial – Logística aeroportuaria, 2015Slide3
Modern mobile technologies are more and more integrated within our daily routine Modern mobile technologies, such as smartphones and tablets, influence our actions and are increasingly integrated within our daily lives
Further, mobile technologies ease our workflow and provide useful information in almost real-time and independently location
Around 30% of people willingly share/provide their location via Smartphone
More than
45%
are interested in
location-based customer services
ICRAT 2016 | The potential of modern mobile technologies to improve airport operations
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3
M
otivation
Source: Statista.com: Number of Smartphone users
worldwide
from 2014 to 2019 (billions), 2016Slide4
ICRAT 2016 | The potential of modern mobile technologies to improve airport operations| 4Broad requirements of the stakeholders conflict with increasing passenger volume
Different stakeholder expectations are one of the most difficult challenges for airport operators and will increase within the coming years
The journey starts at home and passengers choose their trip as well as the airport by considering factors such as waiting time and information availability
M
otivation
Airport
Operator
Passenger (PAX)
No new constructions
Seamless travel
Revenue maximization
Self-determination / Integration
Maximum availability of information (in real-time)
Efficient passenger handling process (e.g.
high utilization
)
Arrival
Check in
Security
Emigration
DepartureSlide5
AgendaMotivationMetric to assess passenger handling processesConcept for controlling
passenger flowsSimulationResultsConclusion
ICRAT 2016 | The potential of modern mobile technologies to improve airport operations
|
5
A
genda
Source: Infraestructura Aerospacial – Logística aeroportuaria, 2015Slide6
ICRAT 2016 | The potential of modern mobile technologies to improve airport operations
|
6
Various PI’s
are
identified
along
the entire departure
chain
TT
CKI
VAR
CKIVARSC
TTSCTTFL
VARPCTTPC
Δt
TT = Total Time
VAR = Variance
TTT= Total Transfer Time
WR = Waiting time / Remaining Time - Ratio
Δt = Punctual arrival
t
Metric
RT
TTT
at CKI … Check-In
at SC … Security Control
at FL … Fast Lane
at PC … Passport Control
time
time
Home
Terminal Entry
Check-In
Security
Control
Passport
Control
Gate
Boarding
Waiting time
Processing timeSlide7
ICRAT 2016 | The potential of modern mobile technologies to improve airport operations| 7
Appropriate Performance Indicators (PI’s) to assess passenger handling processes
No.
Performance Indicator
Calculation
Objective
PI 1
Total time (TT) at check-in (CKI) process (including
baggage drop off) [min.]
TT
CKI
= WTCKI + PTCKI
TTCKI
→ minimumPI 2
Total time (TT) at security control (SC) [min.]
TT
SC
= WT
SC
+ PT
SC
TT
SC
→ minimum
PI 3
Total
time (TT) at fast-lane (FL) at security control [min.]
TT
FL
= WT
FL
+ PT
FL
TT
FL
→ minimum
PI 4
Total time (TT) at passport control (PC)
[min.]
TT
PC
= WT
PC
+ PT
PC
TT
PC
→ minimum
PI 5
Variance (VAR) of total time
at check in, security and passport control [sec
2
]
VAR(TT)
= E(TT –
μ)
VAR(TT)
→ minimum
PI 6
Total transfer time (TTT) from terminal entry (TE) to security check (SC) [min.]
TTT
= T
SC
– T
TE
TTT
→ minimum
PI
7
Ratio
of waiting (WT) and remaining time (RT) at security control [-]
WR
SC
= WT
SC
/ RT
WR
SC
→ minimum
PI 8
Punctual arrival at departure gate [-]
Δt = LP - BE
Δt
→ minimum
Metric
LP … last passenger’s time at departure gate | BE … Scheduled begin of boarding Slide8
LoS is an aggregated guidance framework for monitoring the operational service performanceICRAT 2016 | The potential of modern mobile technologies to improve airport operations| 8
IATA Level of Service (LoS)
covers two important variables [20]:
Space
: Amount of space available per occupant (PAX)
Waiting Time:
A
verage waiting time for passengers in line
a
nd categorizes these variables from
A (excellent) - F (unacceptable)
LoS
Category
A
B
C
D
E
F
Space Utilization
40 %
50 %
65 %
80 %
95 %
100 %
WR
SC
considers the remaining time until departure at the Security Check [17]:
WR
SC
=WT
SC
/ RT
Waiting
time to remaining time ratio
< 0.2
0.2 – 0.4
> 0.2
Propensity to consume /
passenger comfort
High
Neutral
Low
MetricSlide9
Agenda Motivation Metric to assess passenger handling processes Concept for controlling
passenger flows Simulation Results
ConclusionICRAT 2016 | The potential of modern mobile technologies to improve airport operations
|
9
A
genda
Source: Infraestructura Aerospacial – Logística aeroportuaria, 2015Slide10
Technological opportunities exist, but not in an integrated interactive way to improve PAX processes All these solutions and approaches do not actively integrate the passenger and do not consider the entire journey (door-to-gate)
ICRAT 2016 | The potential of modern mobile technologies to improve airport operations| 10
Concept
Various
airlines
as well as airport-applications (
app‘s
)
exist
and deliver
(with
push-
notifications)
flight
-relevant information
(e.g
.
gate-changes, remaining time until departure,
…
)
Technological
solutions,
such as video analytics, laser people counter and
BluFi
,
that measure and provide waiting times in real-time are
not common yet
Source: FTE: Brussels Airport aims to cut queues
with passenger tracking sensors, 2015
Source: Apple App Store: TimeOut, NRT
Airport Navi, FRA Airport, MIA Airport OfficialSlide11
ICRAT 2016 | The potential of modern mobile technologies to improve airport operations| 11
Coverage of entire door-to-gate departure process Combination of individual as well as common passenger guidance
Integration of individual as well as common notification
ConceptSlide12
ICRAT 2016 | The potential of modern mobile technologies to improve airport operations| 12
Defining thresholds for necessary monitoring and controlling measures
Success of the concept depends on acceptance / participation of
passengers (
participation quota
)
ConceptSlide13
AgendaMotivationMetric to assess passenger handling processesConcept for controlling
passenger flowsSimulationResultsConclusion
ICRAT 2016 | The potential of modern mobile technologies to improve airport operations
|
13
A
genda
Source: Infraestructura Aerospacial – Logística aeroportuaria, 2015Slide14
ICRAT 2016 | The potential of modern mobile technologies to improve airport operations| 14Simulation overview I:
Due to a simulation it is possible to verify the concept approach and assess the impact of participation
Simulation
118 check-in counters (including self-service check-in)
36 security control lanes
Forecasted flight plan that considers SXF as well as TXL
402 flights with more than 120 destinations (Non - | Schengen: 31% | 69%)
55.991 PAX per day
Source: Flughafen Berlin-Brandenburg (Handbuch), 2012Slide15
ICRAT 2016 | The potential of modern mobile technologies to improve airport operations| 15Simulation overview II:
Simulation generates outputs relevant for the evaluation
Simulation
WEIBULL distribution for arriving passengers [16]:
α = 6.2; β = 120 min.; Δt = - 150 min
WEIBULL distribution for handling time at
check-in [17]:
α = 1.5; β = 45 sec.; Δt = - 20 sec
Handling time at security control [19]: 22.5 sec / PAX
Output
Parameters
Waiting
time at check-in per PAX
Waiting
time at security control per PAX
Walking time between Terminal Entry and check-in
& security control per PAX
Remaining time until departure for
check-in and security control per PAX
Terminal-entry
time per PAX
Process-time
at check-in per PAX
Process-time at security control per PAXSlide16
ICRAT 2016 | The potential of modern mobile technologies to improve airport operations| 16Due to three different scenarios, it is possible to verify concept approach and assess impact
Simulation
Parameter
Scenario 1
Scenario 2
Scenario 3
No. of check-in
counters
118
variable
30
No.
of security control lanes
34
34
variable
No.
of security control fast lanes
2
2
variable
Participation Quota
variable
variable
variable
These three scenarios are necessary to verify the following hypotheses:
The concept improves passenger handling processes by minimizing waiting time and corresponding variances
The concept does not decrease the time that passengers have in non-aviation areasSlide17
AgendaMotivationMetric to assess passenger handling processesConcept for controlling
passenger flowsSimulationResultsConclusion
ICRAT 2016 | The potential of modern mobile technologies to improve airport operations
|
17
A
genda
Source: Infraestructura Aerospacial – Logística aeroportuaria, 2015Slide18
ICRAT 2016 | The potential of modern mobile technologies to improve airport operations| 18A participation quota of 25-30% can achieve a remarkable reduction of waiting time up to 50%
Already a small participation quota positively influences the waiting time, decreasing it by more than 50 % A participation quota of more than 55 % does no longer affect the waiting time, it can be assumed that the ‘optimum’ is reached
Results
Scale of heat map follows the approach of the LoS
Green = very good
Red = unacceptable
Improvement [%]
provides the change regarding the status quo without the concept integrationSlide19
ICRAT 2016 | The potential of modern mobile technologies to improve airport operations| 19Even there is no improvement in waiting time, the concept inducts a lower variance
Even if no decrease of waiting time is measurable or visible, the concept inducts a lower and thus better variance
Results
A low variance
Flattens the observable peaks
of passenger demand
Enables a more precise prediction
of handling process timesSlide20
ICRAT 2016 | The potential of modern mobile technologies to improve airport operations| 20An increase of Total Transfer Time does not cause a lower consumption rate or stress level
Total Transfer Time (TTT) and WRSC are closely connectedA low WRSC (<0.2) assumes a high probability that a passenger visit the non-aviation area and spend time there (
high potential for consumption)
ResultsSlide21
AgendaMotivationMetric to assess passenger handling processesConcept for controlling
passenger flowsSimulationResultsConclusion
ICRAT 2016 | The potential of modern mobile technologies to improve airport operations
|
21
A
genda
Source: Infraestructura Aerospacial – Logística aeroportuaria, 2015Slide22
ICRAT 2016 | The potential of modern mobile technologies to improve airport operations| 22Conclusion
At a participation quota of 25 – 30%, remarkable savings in waiting time up to 50% are achievableA participation quota of above 55% did not show remarkable further reductionsAside from the significant savings, we found measurable reductions of variances in all cases and therefore stable passenger demand
However, implementation will negatively impact the Total Transfer Time (TTT)
The specific PI WR
SC
increases below 10%. Nevertheless,
a
bsolute values are rather low
The developed concept and linked simulation indicate a huge potential in improving airport operations due to the integration of passengers and mentioned technologies
Conclusion
Source: SITA – IT Trend Survey Report, 2016Slide23
ICRAT 2016 | The potential of modern mobile technologies to improve airport operations| 23Questions – opinions – suggestions?
Thank you.ContactTechnische Universität
DresdenChair of Air Transport Technology and Logisticswww.ifl.tu-dresden.de
Nicolas
Bontikous
bontikous@gmail.com
Franziska Dieke-Meier
dieke-meier@ifl.tu-dresden.deHartmut Fricke fricke@ifl.tu-dresden.de