Unit Topics: Independence - PowerPoint Presentation

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Unit Topics: Independence Movements; regional social, economic, and political developments since 1945”, Wars and Advancing TechnologySOLs: WHII 1a,b,c,d,e; 13 b,c; 15 a,b,c and embedded SOL REVIEW!!!!

World History

Unit 6Slide2

WH II 14:REVIEW INDIA!!! The student will demonstrate knowledge of political, economic, social, and cultural aspects of independence movements and development efforts bydescribing the struggles for self-rule, including Gandhi’s leadership in India and the development of India’s democracy describing Africa’s achievement of independence, including Jomo Kenyatta’s leadership of Kenya and Nelson Mandela’s describing the end of the mandate system and the creation of states in the Middle East, including the roles of Golda Meir and Gamal Abdul Nasser.Slide3

India: IndependenceWhat do you know about each of the following:Hinduism:Islam:Gandhi:Nehru:Jinnah:Indira Gandhi:Slide4

Independence for IndiaBritish policies and the demand for self rule led to the rise of Indian Independence movements, which resulted in the creation of new states in the Indian sub continent.What were the British policies?Who made demands for independence?What methods did they use?Slide5

GEOGRAPHY of “India” on a mapFind on the Indian sub-continent:Area called “British India”The Republic of India, a democratic nation that developed after independencePakistan (formerly WEST Pakistan)Bangladesh (formerly EAST Pakistan)Sri Lanka (formerly CEYLON) Slide6

Independence in Africa:describe Africa’s achievement of independence, including Jomo Kenyatta’s leadership of Kenya and Nelson Mandela’s Jomo KenyattaNelson MandelaOther independence leaders: (see chart)Slide7

African Independence:POST WWII Independence due to:“Right to self-determination” is part of the UN CharterIncreasing pride in African cultures and heritageResentment toward imperial rule and economic exploitationLoss of colonies by Great Britain, France, Belgium and PortugalInfluence of the post-WWII superpower rivalry during the COLD WARSlide8

Independence in Africa West vs. EastWEST Africa = PEACFULEAST Africa = VIOLENTSlide9
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African IndependenceRevolutions were both peaceful AND violentWEST Africa = mostly peaceful (Ghana)Algeria : War for Independence from France= (VIOLENT)EAST Africa = many VIOLENT revolutionsKenya= VIOLENT (Jomo Kenyatta, Mau-Mau, etc.)South Africa = VIOLENT also APARTHEID (racial segregation was a big problem and led to international outcry to end it)Nelson Mandela’s leadership was crucialSlide11

African Independence: JOMO KENYATTAKenya (British colony)Slide12

African Independence:Nelson MandelaSouth Africa (Dutch, then British colony)VIOLENTBritish fought Dutch farmers known as BOERSBritish fought ZULU tribe, led by Shaka ZULUSlide13

African Independence:Kwame NkrumahGhana (Gold Coast): British colonySlide14

African Independence: Mau-MauKenya (British colony)VIOLENTSlide15

African Independence:Idi AminUganda—British colonyVIOLENT!Slide16

African Independence: Mobutu Sese SekoZAIRE (Belgian colony)Renamed Democratic Republic of the Congo after Sese Seko was overthrownSlide17

African Independence: Robert MugabeZimbabwe (formerly Rhodesia)Named after Cecil Rhodes (a British imperialist)Slide18

African Independence:Ian Smith*Rhodesia (before it became “Zimbabwe”) --British colonySlide19

African Independence: F.W.de Klerk*Slide20

See page 704 in the book!Slide21

Middle East: describe the end of the mandate system and the creation of states in the Middle East, including the roles of Golda Meir and Gamal Abdul Nasser.Review: Colonialism, Berlin Conference, religion, WW I and WWII, Holocaust, establishment of Israel, and related eventsSlide22

Middle East: Peace and ConflictNationalism and the mandate system after WWI (REVIEW!)UN decision to END the mandate system after WWIIReligious conflicts cause TENSION and violenceEconomic development and the tension between modernization and westernizationArab-Israeli Dispute (ongoing)Egypt and the Suez Canal (Suez Crisis)Slide23

Middle East: Peace and ConflictMandates (after WWI) to know and find on a map:FRENCH = Syria and LebanonBRITISH = Jordan (called Transjordan) and Palestine (part became independent as the State of Israel in 1948)Can you discuss part of the HISTORY and culture of the mandates before, during and after the mandate era?Slide24

Middle East: Golda MeirPrime minister of Israel* led Israel (after initial setbacks) to victory in the Yom Kippur War*Strong support of the United StatesSlide25

Israel’s position is vulnerable in the Middle EastSlide26

Middle East: Gamal Abdul NASSERPresident of EgyptNationalized the Suez Canal (took it from British control)Established a relationship with the Soviet Union during the Cold WarBuilt the Aswan High DamSlide27

Gamal Abdul NASSER founder of the so-called “Non-Aligned Movement” ( India and Yugoslavia)developed close relations with the Soviet Union.USSR its satellites became chief source of military equipment and financial aid, beginning with a massive arms deal with Czechoslovakia in 1955.May of 1967, Nasser expelled UN peacekeepers from the Sinai peninsula and announced a blockade of the Straits of Tiran to Israel-bound shipping. (Openly declares he wants to destroy Israel)Slide28

Key “wars” to remember about Israel and its neighbors1948: State of Israel is createdImmediately invaded by : Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, and SyriaSuez Crisis (Nasser in Egypt) and later the Six Day War 19671973 Yom Kippur War (vs. Egypt and Syria)Slide29

Six Day Warthe third major Arab-Israeli conflict — was in a sense a continuation of the first two wars. Broadly speaking, the causes of the fighting in 1967 overlapped with the causes of fighting in 1948 (Arab rejection of Israel) and 1956 (continued rejectionism and an Egyptian blockade of shipping to Israel). Israel, Egypt, Syria and Jordan were the key playersSlide30

Middle East Conflict as part of the COLD WAR:Geopolitical aspects of Six Day War 1967:As American relations with Egypt soured, the Soviet Union stepped up its influence in the Arab world, working to build (pro-Soviet) Arab unity by focusing Arab attention on their common enemy, IsraelUSA tries to get Israel to “hold off” and never strike first. USA provides intelligence to assist Israel make every strike count when they have toSlide31

Middle East: Yasir ArafatCommitted soldier against state of IsraelHead of the PLO (independent nationalist organization)By 1988, he “renounces” violence and by 1993 signs Oslo Peace Accords with Rabin….BUT, a new intifada begins 2000….…Arafat dies in 2004Slide32

Oslo Peace Accords,1993 TERMS for Palestinians were to include:Self rule in West Bank & Gaza Strip (find those on the map)renunciation of terrorism (STOP being terrorists!)Recognize Israel’s right to exist”Slide33

Middle East: Yitzak RabinGets a Nobel Peace Prize with ArafatAssassinated by a Jewish student Slide34

Middle East: Ayatollah KhomeiniInstalled after 1979 Islamic Revolution that overthrew Pahlavi Dynasty in IranUS embassy was raided and US hostages held until 1980Slide35

SEE PAGE 713 in the book!Slide36

As of 12-6-12, this is as far as the “new 2012” notes go.……“To BE CONTINUED”Slide37

Review the following world leaders who made major contributions to events in the second half of the twentieth century Country?Religion?Notable cultural features?Relationship with USA & USSR during Cold War Era?Current Events?Slide38

Indira Gandhi:From IndiaCloser relationship between India and the Soviet Union during the Cold WarDeveloped nuclear programSlide39

Margaret ThatcherBritish prime ministerFree trade and less government regulation of businessClose relationship with United States and U.S. foreign policyAssertion of United Kingdom’s military power Slide40

Mikhail Gorbachev & Ronald ReaganGlasnost (“openness”= free speech, press) and perestroika (“restructuring” of the Soviet economy: market, free enterprise with some private business)Last “president” of Soviet UnionSlide41

Deng XiaopingReformed Communist China’s economy to a market economy leading to rapid economic growthContinued communist control of governmentSlide42
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Asia in Transition: China after WW IIDivision of China into two nations at the end of WWII (Taiwan and People’s Republic of China)Communist China participated in Korean Conflict on North Korea’s sideModern leadership of DENG XIAOPENG/REFORMS ECONOMYSlide44

China after Mao: DENG XIAOPINGReformed communist economy to market economy leading to RAPID ECONOMIC GROWTH Continued Communist control of the governmentTiananmen Square massacre in 1989Died 1997Slide45

Asia in Transition: Southeast Asia and the struggle to establish democratic gov’tColonial heritageEthnic and religious conflictSlide46

Asia in Transition: Japan and the “ASIAN TIGERS”These areas have created successful industrial economies and are the new “powerhouses” of the global economyJapanSouth KoreaSingaporeHong Kong Slide47

Can you identify the nations of Asia and Southeast Asia and discuss the religion and histories of those nations?Slide48

IMPORTANT “End of the Semester Items” to wrap it all up:Terrorism & Global Security concernsGlobal economyTechnology and Communications RevolutionEnergy and “Green” InfoThe FUTURESlide49

“Analyze the increasing impact of TERRORISM”What is terrorism?What causes terrorism?What are some EXAMPLES of terrorist activities?How has terrorism affected both developed and developing nations?Slide50

Terrorism:“the use of violence and threats to intimidate and coerce for political reasons”RELIGIOUS EXTREMISM is a major causeAnother cause is the inability to “deal” with inequities in social, cultural or economic systems in a terrorist’s homelandSlide51

Terrorism: EXAMPLESMunich Olympics in 1972 (PLO murdered Israeli athletes in the Olympic Village dorms)USA on Sept. 11, 2001 (9-11) (Muslim extremists encouraged by Osama Bin Laden attacked Twin Towers in NTC and the Pentagon in Washington, DC)Car bombings Suicide BombersAirline HijackersSlide52

Munich, Germany Sept. 5, 1972:Early group of the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) calling themselves “Black September” attacked Israeli athletes in OlympicHostages all killed at airportSlide53

Osama Bin Laden & his religious extremists on Sept. 11th, 2001Slide54

Government Responses to Terrorism:SURVEILLANCE of “suspects”Restriction of some privacy rightsMore security at airports and water-portsIncreased use of IDENTIFICATION BADGES and PHOTO IDSSlide55

WW II 16: The student will demonstrate knowledge of cultural, economic, and social conditions in developed and developing nations of the contemporary world  Q: What can you tell me about the HISTORIES of the places in RED? Religions? Colonial ism? Independence Struggles? Terrorist Activities?Slide56

A. identifying contemporary political issues, with emphasis on migrations of refugees and others, ethnic/religious conflicts, and the impact of technology, including chemical and biological technologiesQ: What are some of the Key Challenges faced by the contemporary world?Q: What new technologies have created both OPPORTUNITIES and challenges?Slide57

Challenge: “MIGRATIONS”REFUGEESInternational conflicts produce waves of refugees fleeing political, ethnic, religious or economic troubles in:Middle EastNorthern IrelandBalkansHorn of AfricaSouth Asia“GUEST WORKERS”Numbers of “guest workers” flood European citiesSlide58

New Technologies=Good and/or BadIMPACT of New Technology?Widespread BUT “UNEQUAL” access to computers Instantaneous communication via internet, cell-phone, IM, social media etc.BIOETHICS of genetic engineering and cloningSlide59

b) assessing the impact of economic development and global population growth on the environment and society, including an understanding of the links between economic and political freedom.Q: How does the developing world compare with the developed world in terms of economic, social and population characteristics?Slide60

Characteristics:DEVELOPIN G:DEVELOPED:Location on map?Economics weak or “in transition”Social conditions: literacy rates tend to be LOW here, little access to health care or technologiesPopulation SIZE and growth rates : highLocation on Map?Strong economics with more “knowledge workers” in service industriesSocial conditions: HIGH literacy rates, access to health care and technologiesPopulations are manageable growth is lowerSlide61

Q: What effect or “IMPACTS” are economic development and rapid population growth having on the ENVIRONMENT?Slide62

Negative Effects in “developing countries”:POLLUTIONHabitats lost from destruction of environmentGlobal climate change (used to be called “ozone depletion”)PovertyPoor health Illiteracy (people can’t read or write)Famine (people starve)Migrations….as refugees or “guest workers”Slide63

Q: What are the links between economic development and political freedom?FREE market economies (except in China) produce “good things” for the people:Rising standard of living (life is better in general)Expanding and prosperous MIDDLE CLASSMiddle Class then DEMANDS more POLITICAL FREEDOMS and INDIVIDUAL RIGHTS (except in China)Look at : TAIWAN (Jiang Jieshi) and SOUTH KOREA (NOT communist)Slide64

C. describing economic interdependence including the rise of: multinational corporations =international organizations=trade agreements= Q: How is economic interdependence changing the world?Slide65

How is economic interdependence changing the world?Rapid transportation , communication and computer networkRise and influence of MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONSChanging role of international boundariesRegional integration like European UnionTrade Agreements between nations: NAFTA, WTO (World Trade Organization)International Organizations: UN & IMF (International Monetary Fund)Slide66

WH II 15: REVIEW!!The student will demonstrate knowledge of Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, and Hinduism in the contemporary world by:describing their beliefs, sacred writings, traditions and customsLocating the geographic distribution of religions in the contemporary worldUnofficial “c” is : associating the role of religion in modern political conflicts Slide67

Current Status of the World Be able to identify each country (ANY country) on the world mapBe able to generalize an intelligent statement about that country regarding: A. Status at 1500B. Status at 1800C. Status at 1945D. Status at 2010