WORD POWER Second Edition B ETH J OHNSON J ANET M G OLDSTEIN 2011 Townsend Press Unit Five Chapter 25 capricious phenomenon catharsis rectify ID: 181482
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Slide1
ADVANCED WORD POWER
Second EditionBETH JOHNSONJANET M. GOLDSTEIN
© 2011 Townsend PressSlide2
Unit Five: Chapter 25
• capricious •
phenomenon
•
catharsis
•
rectify
•
discrepancy
•
resolution
•
ephemeral
•
retract
•
induce
•
sereneSlide3
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
– adjective
•
It’s
understandable when a child says “I want to be a firefighter” one day and “I want to be a doctor” the next, but it’s strange for an adult to be so
capricious
.
•
The
actress is so spoiled and capricious that she’ll order an entire new wardrobe, then decide she doesn’t like any of it and throw all the clothes away.
Capricious meansA. impulsive. B. wicked. C. intelligent.
1 capriciousSlide4
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
– adjective
•
It’s
understandable when a child says “I want to be a firefighter” one day and “I want to be a doctor” the next, but it’s strange for an adult to be so
capricious
.
•
The
actress is so spoiled and capricious that she’ll order an entire new wardrobe, then decide she doesn’t like any of it and throw all the clothes away.
Capricious meansA. impulsive. B. wicked. C. intelligent.
1 capricious
An adult who changed career directions from day to day would be considered
impulsive
. It would be
impulsive
to buy all new clothes one day and throw them away the next. Slide5
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
2 catharsis
–
noun
•
Some
therapists advise their clients to punch and kick pillows. The idea is that the patients can experience
catharsis
by releasing their anger in this way.
• People in some families never raise their voices, while others seem to need to achieve catharsis by yelling at each other occasionally. Catharsis meansA. confusion.
B. letting out feelings. C.
love.
Photo:
U.S. Navy - Kenneth R. HendrixSlide6
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
2 catharsis
–
noun
•
Some
therapists advise their clients to punch and kick pillows. The idea is that the patients can experience
catharsis
by releasing their anger in this way.
• People in some families never raise their voices, while others seem to need to achieve catharsis by yelling at each other occasionally. Catharsis meansA. confusion.
B. letting out feelings.
C. love.
Photo:
U.S. Navy - Kenneth R. Hendrix
Releasing anger by punching pillows can be a way of
letting out feelings
.
Yelling at people can be another way
of
letting out feelings
.Slide7
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
3 discrepancy
–
noun
•
After
a
discrepancy
was found in the accounts, an investigation revealed that one of the bookkeepers had been stealing.
• The police solved the homicide case by asking all the suspects to account for their movements on the night of the killing. There was a discrepancy in one person’s story—half an hour was missing—and he turned out to be the killer. Discrepancy meansA. a reduction.
B. an increase. C. a difference.
Photo:
DangApricotSlide8
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
3 discrepancy
–
noun
•
After
a
discrepancy
was found in the accounts, an investigation revealed that one of the bookkeepers had been stealing.
• The police solved the homicide case by asking all the suspects to account for their movements on the night of the killing. There was a discrepancy in one person’s story—half an hour was missing—and he turned out to be the killer. Discrepancy meansA. a reduction.
B. an increase. C. a
difference.
Photo:
DangApricot
Stolen money created
a difference
between the account’s expected and actual funds. There was
a
difference
between the elapsed time and the suspect’s account of his activities.Slide9
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
4 ephemeral
–
adjective
•
“Cooking is an
ephemeral
art,” said Mom. “You create something beautiful, people gobble it up, and in minutes, it’s gone.”
• One theory about fireworks is that they fascinate us because they are so ephemeral: they burst and fade away almost immediately. Ephemeral meansA. worthless. B.
impossible to explain. C. brief.
Photo:
Pro2Slide10
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
4 ephemeral
–
adjective
•
“Cooking is an
ephemeral
art,” said Mom. “You create something beautiful, people gobble it up, and in minutes, it’s gone.”
• One theory about fireworks is that they fascinate us because they are so ephemeral: they burst and fade away almost immediately. Ephemeral meansA. worthless. B.
impossible to explain. C. brief.
Since the food is gone in minutes, cooking produces only
brief
works of art.
Since
fireworks fade away almost immediately, they fascinate us because they are so
brief
.
Photo:
Pro2Slide11
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
5 induce
–
verb
•
The
hypnotist claimed to be able to
induce
a trance in any volunteer.
• Whatever induced you to do your Bugs Bunny imitation at that very formal dinner? Induce meansA. to cause. B.
to prevent. C. to
predict.
Photo:
Wing-Chi PoonSlide12
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
5 induce
–
verb
•
The
hypnotist claimed to be able to
induce
a trance in any volunteer.
• Whatever induced you to do your Bugs Bunny imitation at that very formal dinner? Induce meansA. to cause.
B. to prevent. C.
to predict.
Photo:
Wing-Chi Poon
Hypnotists try
to cause
trances. The second item asks what was able
to cause
or persuade someone to do a Bugs Bunny imitation. Slide13
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
6 phenomenon
–
noun
•
“Déjà vu” is a common
phenomenon
. It is the sensation, when hearing or seeing something for the first time, that one has heard or seen it before.
•
A comet was a terrifying phenomenon in earlier times. No one knew what comets were, so when one appeared in the sky, people saw it as a sign of disaster. Phenomenon meansA. something noticed.
B. something imaginary. C.
something that fails.Slide14
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
6 phenomenon
–
noun
•
“Déjà vu” is a common
phenomenon
. It is the sensation, when hearing or seeing something for the first time, that one has heard or seen it before.
•
A comet was a terrifying phenomenon in earlier times. No one knew what comets were, so when one appeared in the sky, people saw it as a sign of disaster. Phenomenon meansA. something noticed.
B. something imaginary. C.
something that fails.
The first item describes
something
—a sensation—that is commonly
noticed
. The
second item
describes
something
—the appearance of a comet in the sky—
that
people
noticed
and feared. Slide15
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
7 rectify
–
verb
•
According to an old story, when Abraham Lincoln was a store clerk, he shortchanged a customer by a nickel, then walked miles to her house to
rectify
the situation.
• I put a cup of salt instead of a cup of sugar into the cake batter. There’s no way to rectify the mistake; I’ll have to throw the whole mess out. Rectify meansA. to repeat.
B. to discuss. C.
to correct.
Photo:
BillSlide16
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
7 rectify
–
verb
•
According to an old story, when Abraham Lincoln was a store clerk, he shortchanged a customer by a nickel, then walked miles to her house to
rectify
the situation.
• I put a cup of salt instead of a cup of sugar into the cake batter. There’s no way to rectify the mistake; I’ll have to throw the whole mess out. Rectify meansA. to repeat.
B. to discuss. C.
to correct.
Photo:
Bill
“Honest Abe” would go to great lengths
to correct
an error in making change. Unable
to
correct
the problem caused by substituting salt for sugar, the cook was forced to throw away the batter.Slide17
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
8 resolution
–
noun
•
By increasing the police force, installing better street lights, and starting neighborhood watch programs, the new mayor demonstrated her
resolution
to make the city a safer place to live.
•
When Jane’s brother made a nasty remark about her husband, Jane forgot her resolution not to lose her temper. Resolution meansA. a question. B. a
solemn promise. C. a repetition.Slide18
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
8 resolution
–
noun
•
By increasing the police force, installing better street lights, and starting neighborhood watch programs, the new mayor demonstrated her
resolution
to make the city a safer place to live.
•
When Jane’s brother made a nasty remark about her husband, Jane forgot her resolution not to lose her temper. Resolution meansA. a question. B.
a solemn promise. C. a
repetition.
Having made
a solemn promise
, the mayor demonstrated her determination to follow through on it by increasing police officers, improving lights, and starting neighborhood watches. Jane’s
solemn promise
not to lose her temper is contrasted with her response to her brother’s nasty remark.Slide19
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
9 retract
–
verb
•
Jane says she will never speak to her brother again unless he will
retract
his insult to her husband.
• No one can trust Harry’s promises: he retracts them as soon as he makes them. Retract meansA. to withdraw. B.
to strengthen. C.
to remember.Slide20
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
9 retract
–
verb
•
Jane says she will never speak to her brother again unless he will
retract
his insult to her husband.
• No one can trust Harry’s promises: he retracts them as soon as he makes them. Retract meansA. to withdraw.
B. to strengthen.
C. to remember.
Jane might be willing to forgive her brother if he were willing
to withdraw
the nasty remark he made about her husband. No one would trust a person who rushes
to withdraw
his promises as soon as he makes them. Slide21
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
10 serene
–
adjective
•
On a day like this, when the ocean is so smooth and
serene
, it is hard to imagine that it can be rough and stormy.
•
Shaken and upset after her accident, Jolene sat very still and had a cup of tea to try to make herself feel serene again. Serene meansA. quiet and at peace. B.
anxious. C. angry.
Photo: sam garza from Los AngelesSlide22
TEN WORDS IN CONTEXT
Choose the meaning closest to that of the boldfaced word.
10 serene
–
adjective
•
On a day like this, when the ocean is so smooth and
serene
, it is hard to imagine that it can be rough and stormy.
•
Shaken and upset after her accident, Jolene sat very still and had a cup of tea to try to make herself feel serene again. Serene meansA. quiet and at peace.
B. anxious. C. angry.
Photo:
sam garza from Los Angeles
A rough and stormy ocean is contrasted with one that is smooth,
quiet and at peace
.
Feeling shaken and upset is
contrasted with
sitting still and feeling
quiet
and at peace
.Slide23
SENTENCE CHECK 1
2. “I’m not a callous° person—I feel bad about what happened, and I’d like to ________ it,” said our neighbor. “How much will it cost to fix the window my kids broke with their baseball?” 1. Whatever ________ed
you to invite Seth and Reuben to the same small dinner party? Don’t you know that they are bitter enemies?
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A.
capricious
B
.
catharsis C. discrepancyD. ephemeral
E. induce
F.
phenomenon
G
.
rectify
H
. resolution
I.
retract
J.
sereneSlide24
SENTENCE CHECK 1
2. “I’m not a callous° person—I feel bad about what happened, and I’d like to ________ it,” said our neighbor. “How much will it cost to fix the window my kids broke with their baseball?” 1. Whatever _________
you to invite Seth and Reuben to the same small dinner party? Don’t you know that they are bitter enemies?
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A.
capricious
B
.
catharsis C. discrepancyD. ephemeral
E. induce
F.
phenomenon
G
.
rectify
H
. resolution
I.
retract
J.
serene
The question asks what
persuaded or influenced
the person to invite enemies to the same party.
Since the neighbor is offering to pay for the broken window, then he wants to
remedy
the situation and
make right
the damage done by his children.
induced
rectifySlide25
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box. 4. When Leon gets his monthly bank statement, there is usually a(n) __________ between it and his own records. The gap isn’t large—just five or ten dollars—but it’s almost always there.
5.
After years of being impassive° and holding back her anger, Mimi achieved _________
by writing her father a long, furious letter listing all the ways he had marred° her life—and then burning it.
3.
After a rough day at work, what makes you feel
_________ again
? For some people, the answer is a brisk walk; others prefer a hot bath or a brief nap.
A.
capricious B. catharsis C.
discrepancyD.
ephemeral
E.
induce
F.
phenomenon
G
.
rectify
H
.
resolution
I.
retract
J.
sereneSlide26
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box. 4. When Leon gets his monthly bank statement, there is usually a __________ between it and his own records. The gap isn’t large—just five or ten dollars—but it’s almost always there.
5.
After years of being impassive° and holding back her anger, Mimi achieved _________
by writing her father a long, furious letter listing all the ways he had marred° her life—and then burning it.
3.
After a rough day at work, what makes you feel
_________ again
? For some people, the answer is a brisk walk; others prefer a hot bath or a brief nap.
A.
capricious B. catharsis C.
discrepancyD.
ephemeral
E.
induce
F.
phenomenon
G
.
rectify
H
.
resolution
I.
retract
J.
serene
Walks, naps, and hot baths can help people feel more
calm and placid
.
The gap shows
an
inconsistency
between his records and the statement.
Holding back her anger is contrasted with achieving
emotional release
by letting out her feelings of fury in a letter.
serene
discrepancy
catharsisSlide27
SENTENCE CHECK 1
7. “I said I would marry you,” Marie told Hank. “But now that I know how you’ve lied to me, I _________ that promise.”
6.
An old French song describes the joys of love as _________, but the sorrows of love as lasting a lifetime.
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A.
capricious
B
.
catharsis C. discrepancyD.
ephemeralE.
induce
F.
phenomenon
G
.
rectify
H
.
resolution
I.
retract
J.
sereneSlide28
SENTENCE CHECK 1
7. “I said I would marry you,” Marie told Hank. “But now that I know how you’ve lied to me, I _________ that promise.”
6.
An old French song describes the joys of love as _________, but the sorrows of love as lasting a lifetime.
Complete each item with the correct word from the box.
A.
capricious
B
.
catharsis C. discrepancyD.
ephemeralE.
induce
F.
phenomenon
G
.
rectify
H
.
resolution
I.
retract
J.
serene
Sorrows that last a lifetime are contrasted with
fleeting
joys that
last for only a short time
.
Marie’s
vow
to marry Hank is contrasted with her decision
to take back
that promise.
ephemeral
retractSlide29
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box. 9. Having decided that TV was taking up too much of her life, Angie made a(n)
_________ not to watch it for a week.
10.
Tina seems to take pleasure in being
________.
One day she says she loves school; the next day she says she hates it. On Tuesday she decides that she likes being single; on Wednesday she’s upset that she’s not married.
8
.
Superstitions are a puzzling
___________. What is it that makes otherwise well-informed and sensible people step aside to avoid walking under a ladder? A. capricious B.
catharsis C. discrepancy
D.
ephemeral
E.
induce
F.
phenomenon
G
.
rectify
H
.
resolution
I.
retract
J.
sereneSlide30
SENTENCE CHECK 1
Complete each item with the correct word from the box. 9. Having decided that TV was taking up too much of her life, Angie made a ___________ not
to watch it for a week.
10. Tina seems to take pleasure in being
________.
One day she says she loves school; the next day she says she hates it. On Tuesday she decides that she likes being single; on Wednesday she’s upset that she’s not married.
8
.
Superstitions are a puzzling
___________.
What is it that makes otherwise well-informed and sensible people step aside to avoid walking under a ladder?
A. capricious B. catharsis
C. discrepancy
D.
ephemeral
E.
induce
F.
phenomenon
G
.
rectify
H
.
resolution
I.
retract
J.
serene
Superstitious behavior is
something remarkable
because it is so puzzling.
The word
decided
suggests Angie made
a firm decision
not to watch TV.
Tina’s attitudes are
unpredictable and changeable
from day to day.
phenomenon
resolution
capricious