Chapter 6 Lesson 1 The Growth of Coastal Trading Cities L1 HW Review Questions Identify amp Example 2 sentences 1 ethnic 2 manufacture 3 network 4 monsoon 5 prosper Main Idea 35 sentences ID: 757719
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Slide1
Chapter 6
Central and Southern AfricaSlide2
Chapter 6, Lesson 1
The Growth of Coastal Trading CitiesSlide3
L1 HW Review Questions
Identify & Example
: (2 sentences)
1) ethnic 2) manufacture 3) network 4) monsoon 5) prosper
Main Idea
: (3-5 sentences)
Describe the geography of Central & Southern Africa.
What goods/resources were traded between Africa and Asia/Arabia?
Why was Kilwa such an important city-state?
Summarize
: (6 sentences)
The Bantu Migrations.
Critical Thinking
: (5-7 sentences)
Besides trading goods, how else did the trans-Indian Ocean trade affect East African coastal cities?
Why do you think East Africa never unified into an Empire?Slide4
Words to Know
Species (n.)
Def
:
a group of plants or animals that are able to have offspring
Ex:
Mr. Igor is from a different species, according to B1 History Class.
Coastal (adj.)
Def: existing along the land next to or near the seaEx: Shanghai is a coastal city.
Port
(n.)
Def
: a place along
a body of water where ships can anchor or dock
Ex: Mr. Igor’s classroom is a port of education.Slide5
A Diverse Geography
Central
Africa = huge tropical rain forests
Thousands of
species
of colorful birds Southern Africa = IMMENSE grasslands Elephants, giraffes, lions, zebras
Human geography:Diverse = 100s of different ethnic groupsSeparate languages, customs, religionsCommon ancestor = Bantu peoples1st Bantu
modern-day border: Nigeria & Cameroon
Bantu migration
: 1000 BC; moved South & East; 500 AD reach tip of S.A.
EFFECTS:
cultural blending
adapt to new environment
exchanged ideas
intermarriedSlide6
Coastal City-States Emerge
1100 AD: Bantu-speaking peoples migrated to Eastern coast
Established 1) farming villages & 2) lively trading outposts
East African merchants traded with Arabia, Persia, India
African raw materials Asia
Ex: gold, iron, ivory, slaves, timber (wood) Asian manufactured Africa Ex: porcelain, spices, beads, textiles (carpets) 1200s: E. Africa = network of trading towns & city-states
Kilwa
:
coastal city-state = city + surrounding land (independent political unit)
Founded by: Arabian & Persian settlers (late 1000s)
Prospered because: as far south as a ship from India could sail in one
monsoon
season = Southern merchants send goods to KilwaSlide7
The Influence of Islam
Trade across Indian Ocean increases = Arab traders settling in East African port towns
EFFECT: coastal Africans borrow aspects of Arab culture
New language = Swahili: Bantu language + Arabic words
Islam
most Africans kept their traditional religious beliefs but many also
converted
middle-class, involved in trans-Indian Ocean tradeGovernmentGov. officials & merchants = MuslimIntroduce ideas about govn’t & lawLack of Unity = easier for Europeans to invade & conquer in 1600sWhy?
c
ompeting for tradeSlide8
Chapter 6, Lesson 2
Empires Built on Gold & TradeSlide9
L1 HW Review Questions
Identify & Example
: (2 sentences)
1) encircle 2) eagle-eye 3) abandon 4) exodus 5) pillage
Main Idea
: (3-5 sentences)
Where did the Shona settle? Why?
Summarize: (6 sentences)Great Zimbabwe & Enclosure (10 sentences)
The Mutapa Empire.Critical Thinking: (5-7 sentences)Great Zimbabwe did not mine or produce gold. How was it control such a vast empire?Slide10
Words to Know
Precious
(adj.)
Def
:
having great value
Ex: Your
education is precious.
Granite (n.)Def: a hard rock used in buildingEx: Your brains are like granite.
Resource (n.)
Def
: water, labor,
or other supply available for economic development
Ex: Mr. Igor’s classroom is a resource for your educational development.
Ample (adj.)
Def
: more than enough; plenty
Ex:
You have ample time to complete the steps necessary for your education. Slide11
Rise of the Shona Civilization
800s: Bantu-speaking
Shona
settle valley of
Limpopo River
(Southern Africa)
1000s: move into rich farmland: between Zambezi & Limpopo Zimbabwe: settlements encircled by large stone walls
“house of stone” Shona = #s of zimbabwes Present-day: Botswana, Mozambique, ZimbabweSlide12
Great Zimbabwe
Largest settlement:
Great Zimbabwe
Center of Shona empire
City + surrounding area = 100 acres/ 10-20,000 people
Region = huge plains = farming & herding (cattle) Near trade routesSlide13
The Great Enclosure
3 sections
the Valley Ruins (newest; small structures & mounds)
the Hill Complex (like: Acropolis)
Sits on high hill; center of religious activities; oldest part the Great Enclosure: largest & most significant
Home for kings and queens Looks like necklace (eagle-eye view) outer granite wall: 820 feet around / 36 feet high Cut so perfectly; nothing needed to hold them in place Conical tower (mysterious???)
Giant grain bin = good harvests ???
Religious purpose ???Slide14
Gold & Trade
Gold = international prized good
Traded between Africa
China & India
Great Zimbabwe DID NOT
produce or mine gold
Located between: West: gold producing East: coastal trading cities RESULT: 1) tax trade 2) force tributes (from lesser leaders) during peak: 2,000 pounds of precious metal PER YEAR
DECLINE: theories
Drought & overuse of land by cattle = shortage of resources (
exodus
)
Shifting trading networks = abandonment
Either way: no more Zimbabwe by 1500Slide15
The Mutapa Empire
Shona oral tradition:
Mutota left Great Zimbabwe 1440; traveled north
Searching for
salt
= important for African diet Found valley: fertile soil, good rainfall, ample wood Conquered surrounding land
Mutapa: “Great Pillager” Mutapa’s son extends empire North to Zambezi River; east to Indian Ocean Wealth = controlling gold tradeSlide16
Chapter 2, Lesson 3
The Kongo KingdomSlide17
L1 HW Review Questions
Identify & Example
: (2 sentences)
1) appoint 2) manufacture 3) missionary 4) convert 5) immunity 6) seize 7) plantation 8) corrupt 9)
Main Idea
: (3-5 sentences)
Why did the Kongo people settle near the Congo River?
How did the Kongo Kingdom organize it’s empire?
Why did Portugal meet Kongo?How did Alfonso I change Kongo’s society?Summarize: (6 sentences)The “good” relationship between Portugal and Kongo?The “bad” relationship between Portugal and Kongo?Critical Thinking: (5-7 sentences)No thinking required!!!!!Slide18
Words to Know
Initial (n.)
Def
: happening at the beginning; first
Ex: Your initial
education begins every day.
Strained (adj.)
Def
: pushed by resentment nearly to open conflict.Ex: Mr. Stewart has a strained relationship with his B1 history students.
Instability (adj.)
Def
: the condition of being unsteady
or undependable
Ex: Your
inability to complete assignments properly leads to education instability. Slide19
A Kingdom Arises on the Atlantic
1300s: Bantu-people “Kongo” settle
western coast
of Africa
Settled
north
of Congo River (3,000 miles, empties into Atlantic) Resources: Fertile soil, iron & copper ore, good fishing & Congo R. transportation
1400s: move south, conquer other peopleCapital: MbanzaHighly organized kingdomVillage = basic political unitGroup of villages = districtDistricts grouped into six provincesKing appointed governors for provinces
King: in charge of economy (provinces pay taxes every 6 months)
Payments =
cowrie shells
(colorful seashell used for money)Slide20
Kongo & Portugal
1400s = “Age of Exploration”: time when European kingdoms sailed oceans to explore new lands
Portugal: small country, west of Spain; on
Atlantic
Ocean
1480s: Portugal sails down western coast of Africa; meets Kongo kingdom
At first: GOOD!!!Active trade
Kongo PortugalCopper, iron, IvoryPortugal Kongo Guns, horses, manufactured goodsChristian ReligionPortugal sends missionaries: people who travel to other lands seeking to gain followers to their religion (i.e.,
converts
)
Age of
Exploration
Cultural InteractionSlide21
The Rule of Afonso
1506: Nzinga Mbemba takes throne (European name: Alfonso I)
Copied Portuguese:
Official religion: Roman Catholicism
Capital city: Mbanza
Sao SalvadorPolitics: appointed dukes
& counts; required to wear western clothingEducation: Alfonso learned to read & write Portuguese; sent subjects to Portugal to learn to read &writeSlide22
Portuguese Problems
Immunity
: protection from disease
When cultures meet = new diseases
; no immunity
Alfonso requests new doctors:
For the “many and different diseases which put us very often in such a weakness.”
1470s: Portuguese claim island Sao Tome off west coast of AfricaEstablish:
sugar fields (plantations: large farm to grow one crop = hard labor)Portugal pressures Kongo for more & more slaves = depopulationAlfonso asks Portugal to stop:“Merchants daily seize our subjects… so great… is their corruption… that our country is being utterly depopulated.”1543: Alfonso dies1,000s of Africans enslaved every year1561: Kongo “cuts itself off” from Portugal
Disease
SlaverySlide23
The Kingdom Struggles
After Alfonso: period of instability
Late 1560s: war with neighboring kingdom
the
Jaga
Kongo ask Portugal for help 1600s: Kongo regains stability