Copyright 2017 Cengage Learning All Rights Reserved The Vulva External female genitalia Mons veneris triangular mound over the pubic bone above the vulva Labia majora outer lips of the vulva ID: 577676
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Slide1
Female Sexual Anatomy and Physiology
Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.Slide2
The Vulva
External female genitalia
Mons veneris: triangular mound over the pubic bone above the vulva
Labia majora: outer lips of the vulvaLabis minora: inner lips of the vulvaClitoris: highly sensitive structure, only function of which is sexual pleasureVestibule: area of vulva inside the labia minoraUrethra/urethral opening: tube/opening through which urine passes from the bladder
Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.Slide3
The Vulva (cont’d.)
External female genitalia (cont’d.)
Introitus: opening to the vagina
Hymen: tissue that partially covers the vaginal openingPerineum: area between the vagina and anus of the female and the scrotum and anus of the maleGenital alteration: piercings, jewelry, cosmetic surgery, etc. Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.Slide4
Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
Labiaplasty
Slide5
Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
The Vulva (cont’d.)Slide6
Underlying Structures
Hymen-the
hymen is a membrane that partially covers the opening of the vagina.WHAT IS HYMENOPLASTY? If hymen restoration is something you’re really looking into, there are three specific procedures you may be asked to choose from:Basic stitching of a recently torn hymen.
Typically handled days ahead of the wedding night, there’s the option of creating a bloodless membrane with or without the addition of artificial blood.
A more involved procedure that creates an entirely new hymen from the lining of the vagina. This has a longer recovery period although it does include an authentic blood
supply
Contrary to popular belief on this front, a hymen can rupture for any number of non-sexual reasons such as like
horse-back
riding
gymnastics
inserting of a tampon
plus many more
reasons
That’s
without
even
mentioning the women who are born without a hymen in the first place.
Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.Slide7
Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
Underlying Structures (cont’d.)Slide8
Internal Structures
Internal female sexual anatomy
Vagina: stretchable canal in the female that opens at the vulva
Grafenberg (G) spotArousal and vaginal lubricationVaginal secretions and chemical balance of the vaginaCervix: small end of the uterus, located at the back of the vaginaUterus: pear-shaped organ inside the female pelvis, within which the fetus develops
Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.Slide9
Internal Structures (cont’d.)
Internal female sexual anatomy (cont’d.)
Fallopian tubes: two tubes, extending from the sides of the uterus, in which the egg and sperm travel
Ovaries: female gonads that produce ova and sex hormonesCopyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.Slide10
Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
What
are Kegel exercises?
Kegel exercises are designed to make your pelvic floor muscles stronger. These are the muscles that hold up your bladder and help keep it from leaking.Building up your pelvic muscles with Kegel exercises can help with your bladder control.To do Kegel exercises, you just squeeze your pelvic floor muscles. The part of your body including your hip bones is the pelvic area. At the bottom of the pelvis, several layers of muscle stretch between your legs. The muscles attach to the front, back, and sides of the pelvic bone
Kegel exercises Slide11
Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
Internal Female Sexual AnatomySlide12
Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
Internal Female Sexual Anatomy (cont’d.)Slide13
Menstruation
Sloughing off of uterine lining
Takes place of conception has not occurred
Attitudes about menstruation Negative beliefs Menarche: initial onset of menstrual periods Age 11-15Dependent on heredity, health, and altitude
Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.Slide14
Menstrual Physiology
Flow
Lasts from two to six days
Volume Varies from six to eight ouncesDuration Varies 24 to 42 daysCopyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.Slide15
The Breasts
Secondary sex characteristics
Physical characteristics other than genitals that distinguish males from females
Mammary glands: produce milkAreola: darker areaNipple: located in the center of the areola and has openings for milkCopyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.Slide16
The Breasts
Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.Slide17
Male Sexual Anatomy and
Physiology
Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.Slide18
The Penis
External anatomy of the penis
Foreskin, glans, shaft, and root
Internal anatomy of the penisCavernous bodies (corpora cavernosa), spongy body (corpus spongiosum), and penile urethraCopyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.Slide19
Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
The Penis (cont’d.)Slide20
The Penis (cont’d.)
Areas particularly responsive to stimulation
Corona: rim of penile glans
Frenulum: highly sensitive thin strip of skin that connects the glans to the shaft Strengthening musculature around the penisKegel exercises can produce benefitsCopyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.Slide21
Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
The Penis (cont’d.)Slide22
The Scrotum and Testis
Pouch of skin of external male genitals that encloses the testes
Testis: male gonads that produce sperm and sex hormones
Cryptorchidism: undescended testisSeminiferous tubules: thin, coiled structures in the testes in which sperm are produceEpididymis: structure along the back of each testis in which sperm maturation occursCopyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.Slide23
Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
The Scrotum and Testis (cont’d.)Slide24
Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
The Scrotum and Testis (cont’d.)Slide25
The Vas Deferens
Sperm-carrying tube that begins at the testis and ends at the urethra
Sperm held in the epididymis eventually drain into the vas deferens
Vasectomy: male sterilization procedure Involves removing a section from each vas deferensCopyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.Slide26
Cowper’s Gland and Semen
Cowper
’
s glandsPea-sized glands located alongside the urethra base Secretes alkaline fluid during sexual arousalSemen (seminal fluid)Volume is about one teaspoon100 to 500 million sperm per ejaculation
Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.Slide27
Erection
Coordinated by autonomic nervous system
Arteries leading to the three erectile cylinders in the penis expand
Blood out flow cannot keep up with in flowCapacity for erection is present at birthCommon for infant boys Psychogenic and physiogenic erectionsInputs come simultaneously from both thoughts and physical stimulation
Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.Slide28
Concerns about Sexual Functioning
Penis size: seen as a symbol of virility
Implication that bigger is better
Erect penises show less variation than flaccidMatter of subjective preference Phalloplasty: penile augmentationGenital retraction syndromeCulture-bound phenomenon Male believes his penis is shrinking and retracting into his body
Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.Slide29
Male Genital Health Concerns
The penis: health-care issues
Cleanliness: smegma and infections
Infection transmission: condom usage Injuries: hazards of sexual gadgets and fractures during coitusPenile cancer: deadly if not diagnosed early Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.Slide30
Male Genital Health Concerns (cont’d.)
Testicular cancer
More common in young men (20 to 35 years old)
Risk factors: smoking, family history, White race, and cryptorchidismSymptoms: hard or irregular mass in testes, fever, groin ache, heaviness in testis, tender breasts, painful fluid accumulation or scrotom swellingSurvival is greater than 90% if detected earlyCopyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.Slide31
Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.Slide32
Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
The term describes a man who has been castrated, his testicles either removed or rendered nonfunctional by chemical means
.
As many as 600,000 men in North America are living as eunuchs for medical reasons. The vast majority are afflicted with prostate cancer. Testosterone, the principal male sex hormone, is thought to prominently contribute to the growth of cancerous tumors in the prostate. Thus, as a way to impede the cancer's spread, many doctors recommend shutting down the hormone's primary source: the testes. This is accomplished either surgically, where the testicles are removed, or chemically, where patients receive anti-androgen drugs or injections of the female birth-control drug Depo-Provera
.
Both
the surgical and chemical methods have the same effects. Testosterone levels are drastically reduced. This in turn gives rise to a host of side effects.
"A castrated adult male will lose muscle but gain fat. He can expect hot flushes like those that women have at menopause. He will lose body hair, and his penis will shrink. Erections will be rare and weak, if they occur at all. He will be sterile," describes Richard
Wassersug
of the Australian Research Center in Sex, Health, and Society.
Wassersug
is
himself a eunuch
.
Eunuch Slide33
Copyright © 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
Intersex