Lynne Giroux RD Public Health Nutritionist Eastern Ontario Health Unit Food security exists when all people at all times have physical and economic access to sufficient safe and nutritious food to meet their ID: 318934
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Slide1
Food Insecurity and Health
Lynne Giroux, RD
Public Health Nutritionist
Eastern Ontario Health UnitSlide2
Food security exists when...
“all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their
dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life” Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United NationsSlide3
(
Tarasuk
, Mitchell, & Dachner, 2014, p. 4)
Household food insecurity in CanadaSlide4
(Tarasuk, Mitchell, & Dachner, 2014, p.
2
)
Household food insecurity by province & territorySlide5
(Tarasuk, Mitchell, & Dachner, 2014, p. 9)
Household food insecurity in OntarioSlide6
Determinants of Food Insecurity: Income
Having an income below the Low Income Measure (29.0% are food insecure).
Unpublished analysis of 2011 Canadian Community Health Survey data, as cited in PROOF. Retrieved from:
http://nutritionalsciences.lamp.utoronto.ca/food-insecurity/Slide7
Determinants of Food Insecurity
Sources
of income
Food insecurity affected 69.5% of Canadian households reliant on social assistance (i.e., welfare and disability support programs).
58.3% (62.2% Canada) of food insecure households were reliant on wages and salaries.
Housing
Renting rather than owning one’s home (26.1% were food insecure vs. 6.4% of homeowners
)
(
Tarasuk
, Mitchell, &
Dachner
, 2014)
.
Education
Less than secondary (21% food insecure)
Completed a Bachelor’s degree or higher (6.3%)
(
Tarasuk
, Mitchell, &
Dachner
, 2014).Slide8
Determinants of Food Insecurity: Household Composition
(Tarasuk, Mitchell, & Dachner, 2014, p. 9)Slide9
Chronic Diseases: A Public Health Priority
Most significant cause of death (63%) worldwide
1
[1].
Chronic diseases increase income inequities, deplete household wealth, increase health spending and lower labour productivity [2].
Chronic diseases cause premature deaths under age 60: 13% in high income countries like Canada [1].
Chronic disease rates are increasing at 14% each year [3].
3 out of 5 Canadians older than 20 have a chronic disease; and
4 out of 5 are at risk [3].
[1] World Health Organization
1
Except in sub-Saharan Africa
[2] World Bank, 2011
[3]
Centre for Chronic Disease Prevention and Control, Public Health Agency of Canada, using POHEM Model, Statistics Canada.Slide10Slide11
Impact of Food Insecurity on HealthSlide12
Impact of Food Insecurity on Health
Chronic conditions such as… [1]
diabetes
heart disease
hypertension
depressionfibromyalgia
Household food insecurity also affects people’s ability to manage chronic health problems [1].
[1] 5-10 as cited in
Tarasuk
, Mitchell, &
Dachner
, 2014.Slide13
Impact of Food Insecurity on Health
mental health
feelings of anxiety (anxiety disorders), depression, distress, stress, and suicidal tendencies
social isolation and alienation
eating disorders
well-being/social healthimpaired ability to work and learn
physical health
oral health
Source: 5-10 as cited in
Tarasuk
, Mitchell, &
Dachner
, 2014; Dietitians of Canada, 2012Slide14
Causal evidence that children and youth who experienced hunger, especially repeated hunger [1]:
were more likely to have poorer health, and
were more likely than others to have developed several chronic health conditions, including asthma.
Impact of Food Insecurity on Health: Children
[1]
Tarasuk
, Mitchell, &
Dachner
, 2014.Slide15
Impact of severe
food insecurity
The prevalence of severe food insecurity in Ontario (2.7%) is above the national prevalence (2.6%).
In 2012, 29.4%
of households who reported their main source of income as social assistance were severely
food insecure.
(Tarasuk, Mitchell, & Dachner, 2014, p. 14)Slide16
Impact of Food Insecurity on Nutrition
Food Insecurity is associated with...
A less varied diet [1],
A lower intake of fruits and vegetables [1],
A lower intake of milk and alternatives [3],
[1] Gorton,
Bullen
, and
Mhurchu
, as cited in Conference Board of Canada, 2015.
[2]
Cummins and Macintyre, as cited in Conference Board of Canada, 2015.
[3]
Kirkpatrick and
Tarasuk
, 2008, as cited in
PROOF. Retrieved from:
http://nutritionalsciences.lamp.utoronto.ca/food-insecurity/Slide17
Impact of Food Insecurity on Nutrition
Food Insecurity is associated with...
Malnutrition [1]
An increased consumption of processed foods (i.e., higher intakes of sodium, trans fat, and sugar) [2]
An increased risk of inadequate nutrient intakes [1,3]
[1] Gorton,
Bullen
, and
Mhurchu
, as cited in Conference Board of Canada, 2015.
[2]
Cummins and Macintyre, as cited in Conference Board of Canada, 2015.
[3]
Kirkpatrick and
Tarasuk
, 2008, as cited in
PROOF. Retrieved from:
http://nutritionalsciences.lamp.utoronto.ca/food-insecurity/Slide18
EOHU
Nutritious Food Basket
SDOH PHN – partnerships to address income and poverty
ATF collaborative member/partner
GFB partnerships
Directory of Local Food Programs and ServicesSlide19
Nutritious Food Basket Data
Family of four, EOHU, 2014: $195.85
Family of four, EOHU, 2013: $186.66
Family of four, EOHU, 2012: $190.38
Family of four, EOHU, 2011: $181.66
Family of four, EOHU, 2010: $173.19Family of four, EOHU, 2009: $171.02
Household food insecurity in the Eastern Ontario RegionSlide20Slide21Slide22