Gabrielle Bardall APSA Congressional Fellow Elin Bjarnegård Uppsala University Jennifer M Piscopo Occidental College Mapping Gender onto Political Violence Protestors confronting state oppression in Venezuela ID: 597637
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Slide1
Gender and Political Violence: Motives, Forms, and Impacts
Gabrielle
Bardall
– APSA Congressional Fellow
Elin
Bjarnegård
– Uppsala University
Jennifer M.
Piscopo – Occidental College Slide2
Mapping Gender onto Political Violence
Protestors confronting state oppression in Venezuela
Political violence always differentiated by gender
Because,
patriarchy
Multiple analyses possible re: how gender roles and gendered social structures shape, and are shaped by, political
violenceSlide3
Timely and Specific Policy Problem
Acts that harm women who are active in political life
To solve, need to know:
How
to distinguish between political violence and everyday
sexism
Whether
and how gender
(women and men) shapes experiences
of political violence
Slide4
Politics as an Arena
Cécile Duflot
Political violence
Coercive
or forceful acts used to disrupt “regular” political
processes
Everyday sexism
Enforces
male dominance and perpetuates gender inequality
Happens not “just” to disrupt political processes
Occurs in most arenas,
not
exclusive to politics
Focus on political violence rather than everyday sexism
Avoid policy solutions that protect arbitrary groups of womenSlide5
Competing Interpretations
How does gender work?
Harms endured by female politicians as misogynistic attacks designed to drive women from the public sphere (or)
Harms endured by women within contexts of political violence, perhaps using gendered scripts
(
or)
Harms endured by women interpreted as misogynistic regardless of motive or form
Miriam Rodríguez
Jo CoxSlide6
Interpretations Have Policy Implications
Gender not always in motive (or not always central in motive) → tackle causes of disorder & dissent
Gender can be in form without being in motive → develop gender-specific protection protocols
Gender can be in neither motive nor form, but still shapes interpretation → gender-aware restorative practicesSlide7
Three
Possibilities for Political Violence
Is gender in the motive?
Yes -> Gender motivated
No↓
Is gender in the form?
Yes -> Gendered scripts
No↓
Is gender in the impact?
Yes
-> Gendered
impactSlide8
Research Design
Account for the broader political context, especially normalized political violence →
identify motives
and forms
Measure and compare/contrast the experiences of women and
men → reveal gendered patterns of victimization and forms
Consider positionality of our interlocutors: why violence occurs vs. why different audiences believe it occurred →
understand
impact
Women discuss obstacles to their political participation: Nicaragua (above), Ecuador (below)Slide9
Policy Impact
Goal: design public policy to bolster democracy: politics must “work” without recourse to
violence
Public policies must solve the underlying problem
Public policies must avoid concept stretching and account for state capacity