By Brian Urlaub Enertech Global Why are you here Hopefully so you dont end up with something like this Basic components of a waterwater amp combo geothermal heat pump system Tips on proper installation of a hydronic geothermal system ID: 555859
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Radiant Floor Systems Coupled with Geothermal Heat PumpsByBrian Urlaub, Enertech GlobalSlide2
Why are you here?Hopefully so you don’t end up with something like this!Slide3Slide4Slide5Slide6Slide7
Basic components of a water-water & combo geothermal heat pump system.Tips on proper installation of a hydronic geothermal systemLimitations of a hydronic geothermal systemSome design considerations of the systemPiping options for the load sideControl options for the hydronic system
What are we going to cover?Slide8
Design water temp won’t heat space.Insulation generally is the culpritHeat pump is locking out on HP.
Waterflow
,
Waterflow
,
Waterflow
!
To much load side antifreeze?
Controls, Controls, Controls!
High bill complaints.
Low loop temps, could be a multitude of reasons!
Running system at max 120F temps all season.Design of the system must meet the expectations of the customer, and it is your job to install and verify your system will do the job!
What have the problems been?Slide9
What will be my design max water temp?What will be my design min water temp?Will I have a supplemental or backup system?If so, how will it be piped and controlled?What is the heat distribution system?High mass floors - concrete
Low mass floors – staple up
Radiation – high or low temp
Am I doing chilled water for cooling?
Do I have areas that need antifreeze?
Who is doing the insulation? What is it?
What type of floor coverings do I have?
Questions to ask yourself?Slide10
Doing an accurate load calculation is priority number 1 including radiant design!This will dictate your supply water temp and flow rates of the system.Knowing the building materials, insulation values, floor coverings, etc. is critical.Jobsite verification of building materials and insulation practices (pictures, pictures)This all goes into a successful installation and a happy customer with low energy costs!
Proper design starts with Loads!Slide11
Insulation, Insulation, & InsulationSlide12Slide13
Floor Coverings & DesignSlide14
Concrete slab with R-5 edge and horizontal.Slide15
Concrete slab with R-10 edge and horizontal.Slide16Slide17
Staple up tubing with no underneath insulation and carpet for floor covering.Slide18
Staple up tubing with R-10 underneath insulation and carpet for floor covering.Slide19
Staple up tubing w/ HE plates, with R-19 underneath insulation, and low R-value carpet & pad for floor covering.Slide20
Radiant floor tube spacing at 9” o.c. min.Do not mix more than 25% glycol antifreeze on load side of heat pump (preferably 0%)Flow rate through each radiant floor loop to be between .50gpm and .75gpmPipe sizing is critical; flow = BTU’sVariable Speed pumps & zone valves!Insulation values, floor coverings, flow rates, tube sizes, etc. all factor in to calculating system design!
Other RecommendationsSlide21
Water-to-Water Heat Pumps
Energy obtained from or rejected to a ground-coupled source (closed-loop)
Utilized to make domestic hot water
Utilized for hot water hydronic systems
Utilized for chilled water hydronic systems
Optional desuperheatersSlide22
Combination Heat Pump (Triple Function)
Energy obtained from or rejected to a ground-coupled source (closed-loop)
Utilized for hydronic heating applications (no chilled water )
Utilized to heat or cool air in forced air applications
Packaged system
Optional DesuperheaterSlide23
Typical Water-Water System
Load Side
W2W Unit
Source Side
We are going to focus on the Load Side of the System!Slide24
ALL heat pump
hydronic
systems require a buffer tank (well almost ALL).
“Decouples” floor pumping and unit flow requirements.
Usually 1 gallon per 1,000
Btuh
In most cases, controls are the most difficult part of the installation.
Know what you’re getting into!
Design systems for max. water temps of 120F or less for compressor life and efficiency!
Load-side “Guidelines” Slide25
V = T x (Qhp – Qload)/Delta T x 500V = VolumeT = Desired minimum run time (minutes)Qhp = HP Capacity
Qload = Heat flow to load when HP is on
Delta T = Differential set point (10F)
Example = 5 x (52,000 - 0)/10 x 500 = 52
Buffer Tank SizingSlide26
The capacity of the heat pump and depending on the control strategy will determine the amount of storage needed.Hot tank – single set pointUsually 10 gallons/ton or 1gal/1000btu’sDemand controlled – single set pointUsually 6 gallons/ton or 1gal/1500btu’sCombo units buffer should be smaller!
Example = 5-ton (52MBH + hot tank)
5-tons x 10gal/ton = 50gal or 52,000btu/1000= 52gal
Buffer Tank SizingSlide27
Both Source Side and Load Side Coaxial heat exchangers are typically identical
Pressure drop ratings are the same
Flow rates on the load side should be roughly the same as the source side
2.5-3
gpm
per ton
Connection size doesn’t always mean pipe size (unit or pump flange)
Load-side “Guidelines” Slide28
Hydronic radiant systems depend on supplemental heat source:No supplemental heat – up size loop
Direct supplemental heat – same as W/A
Indirect supplemental heat – up size loop
Combo unit systems:
100% radiant – size as you normally would depending on supplemental heat source
Some radiant & some F/A – up size loop
Hydronic
systems will need more loop based on the mass of the system vs. heating air!
Loop Field Sizing “Guidelines”Slide29
Ground Source Heat Pumps using R-410a refrigerant typically can only achieve a maximum load side temperature of 120F ELT. This prohibits the use of this technology with other forms or hydronic heating such as radiators and/or sometimes baseboard radiation.There are new low temp baseboard radiators available that will heat at lower than 120F!
GSHP Max Load Side TempSlide30Slide31
Design the GSHP system to utilize the lowest water temps possible for proper space heating and highest system efficiency!Things to consider:
- Tube spacing/sizing
- Flow rates
- Insulation
- Floor coveringsSlide32
With the COP of the HP going up as the load water design temp goes down, outdoor reset makes sense as a recommended control strategy.Outdoor reset control will vary the design load temperature based on outdoor temperature. The colder the outside temp, the warmer the load temp.This maximizes the COP of the system.Outdoor reset controlsSlide33
Glycol on Load Side
Water quality is also very important!!!Slide34
Affects of Antifreeze in SystemSlide35
Pipe sizing guidelines
Pipe size
Flow
(
gpm
)
Max P.D.
(FT/100 FT)
Max.
Vel
(FPS)
1/2"
0-2
5.0
2.2
3/4"
2-4
4.4
2.4
1"
4-8
4.8
3.0
11/4"
8-15
4.0
3.3
11/2"
15-24
4.0
3.7
2"
24-45
4.0
4.4
2-1/2"
45-72
4.0
5.0
3"
72-130
4.0
5.7
Notes:
Use with hot water and chilled water closed piping systems
Based on schedule 40 BI or Copper pipeSlide36
Water-Water Unit ApplicationsPressurized piping systemsControls
Combo Unit Applications
Pressurized piping systems
Controls
Heating only
Hydronic
SystemsSlide37
Water-Water Heat PumpBuffer Tank (Pressurized or HSS)Load Side PumpControls (Aquastat)Air PadFlow CenterPressurized
Non-Pressurized
Hose kit
Components of a Water-Water SystemSlide38
TubingFastenersManifoldsFittingsZone pumps/Zone ValvesFlanges (w/ pumps)Hydronic Accessories
Air Eliminator
Expansion Tank
Controls
Zone Control
Pump Relay
Thermostats
Additional Components of SystemSlide39
Heat Only – W2W Unit & HSS
Load Side Pump
Buffer Tank
Aqua-stat
GW Unit
Zone Pumps
Manifolds
Tubing
PT PortsSlide40
Heat Only – W2W Unit
Load Side Pump
Buffer Tank
Aqua-stat
W2W Unit
Flow Center
Zone Pumps
Manifolds
TubingSlide41
Heat Only – W2W UnitSlide42
115F
T1 T2
24V AQUASTAT WITH N/O DRY CONTACTS
THAT WILL CLOSE ON FALL IN TEMP!
HEATING ONLY CONTROLS!
Sensor in tankSlide43Slide44
Heat Only – W2W Unit w/ HSSSlide45Slide46
Heat Only – 2stg W2W Unit
Load Side Pump
Buffer Tank
Aqua-stat
W2W Unit
Flow CenterSlide47
Heat Only – 2stg W2W UnitSlide48
Heat Only – 2stg W2W UnitSlide49
Combo Heat PumpThermostat (Forced Air)Electric auxiliary heater (Optional)Air PadBuffer Tank (Pressurized or HSS)
Load Side Pump
Aquastat (hydronic control)
Flow Center
Pressurized
Non-Pressurized
Hose kit
Components of a Packaged Combo SystemSlide50
TubingFastenersManifoldsFittingsZone pumps/Zone ValvesFlanges (w/ pumps)Hydronic Accessories
Air Eliminator
Expansion Tank
Controls
Zone Control
Pump Relay
Thermostats
Additional Components of SystemSlide51
Heating Only - Combo Unit
Load Side Pump
Buffer Tank
Aqua-stat
GT Unit
PT PortsSlide52
Heating Only - Combo UnitSlide53Slide54
On Demand Control Strategy!Slide55
Water-Water Unit ApplicationsPressurized piping systems
HSS non-pressurized piping systems
Controls (heating & cooling)
HSS System (on demand)
HBX Controls (either or, plus Outdoor Reset)
Geo-Tech (Don Schuster) (Set point)
Terra-
Therm
Hydronic
Controller (Set point)
Do it yourself (who knows)Controls (Heating only)
HSS
HBX
Tekmar
Johnson Controls
Honeywell
Ranco
Hot/Chilled Water
Hydronic
SystemsSlide56Slide57
W2W units have lower EER’s than Water-Air heat pumpsBe careful of sensible cooling capacities of the air handler or water coils – do not size strictly based on tonnageAll piping with chilled water needs to be insulated including pumpsBuffer tank must be insulated and have an air seal to prevent condensationAdvantage – one unit vs. two units
Chilled Water vs. DX CoolingSlide58
Sensible vs. Total CoolingSlide59
Heating & Cooling Hydronic SystemsSlide60
Basic 2 Aqua-stat Wiring setupSlide61
Heating & Cooling Hydronic SystemsSlide62
HBX ECO-1000 Wiring DiagramSlide63
HBX ECO-1000 Wiring Diagram (2stg)Slide64
Htg & Clg W2W unit w/ HSSSlide65
Htg & Clg W2W unit w/ HSSSlide66Slide67
Geo-Tech (Don Schuster)Slide68
Do It Yourself – Good Luck!Slide69
What is the boiler’s primary function:Back up source onlySupplemental heat – same output tempIncrease supply temp to provide additional btu’s to high load areasWhat source of energy is the backup boilerGas
Electric
Wood
Back up BoilersSlide70
W2W unit w/ Boiler - SupplementalSlide71
W2W unit w/ Boiler - High TempSlide72
Pool & spa heatingDomestic water heatingSnow meltProcess water chillingIce storage or Ice arena’sWaste heat recoverySimultaneously heating & cooling
Other ApplicationsSlide73
Design the system properly, not using Btu’s per sqft, but rather good design practices.Insulation is a huge factor along with thermal breaks, if you aren’t doing it, verify it is done right!Select the proper control strategy for the application, buy off the shelf vs. build your own so anyone can service and troubleshoot!Size your piping and pumps for proper flow.
Select your piping strategy for the application as well as the supplemental heat source.
So, the Keys to Success Are;Slide74
Questions or Comments???Thank You!!!