A crashcourse in linguistic syntax and word function Word Geography Nouns located after adjectives but before a verb To expand your thinking nouns a re often found after determinants ID: 696787
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Syntax & Shakespeare" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
Syntax & Shakespeare
A crash-course in linguistic syntax and word functionSlide2
Word Geography: Nouns
located after
adjectives
,but before a verb. To expand your thinking; nouns…are often found after determinants (the, a, an, my, his, her, our, their, your) [yes, some of these are also called articles], and demonstratives (this, that, those, these) [which can act as a noun in a prepositional phrase],and quantifiers (few, several, three…)Suffixes that apply to nouns: -ment, -ness, -tion, -ism, -ist (etc.)Find the nouns (despite the nonsense words):The very fleebish gnaves were flooging those gerbins in my sherf.Slide3
Word Geography: Verbs
located after first noun,
and after
auxiliary verbs (am, is, be, do, does, have, has…).To expand your thinking:May follow modals (can, could, shall, should, may, might, will, would, must), which… Show mood (real or not—think subjunctive).Verbs also…Show tense (location on a timeline) [past, present, future]Show aspect (whether the action is completed or ongoing) [Spanish students, this is preterit vs. imperfect]Suffixes that apply to verbs: -s, -en, -(i)fy, -ize, -ateSlide4
Word Geography: Descriptors
Adjectives
&
adverbs are found after intensifiers (very, really, somewhat, quite, etc.)Comparative forms: _x_-er; more _x__Superlative forms: _x_-est; most _x_Adjectives are found:inside noun phrasesafter linking verbsSuffixes that apply to adjectives: -ish, -ous, -ful, -less, -y, -ive, -alAdverbs are found:inside verb phrasesSlide5
Key abbreviations
S = sentence
N= noun
NP= noun phraseDet= determinantQ= quantifierInt= intensifierAdj= adjectiveAdjP= adjective phraseV= verbVG= verb group May contain linking/auxiliary verbsVP= verb phraseAdv= adverbAdvP= adverb phrase Prep= prepositionPrepP= prepositional phraseDem= demonstrativeSlide6
Step One: Label parts of speech
What are the parts of speech for each of these words?
Label above the words using the abbreviations we just covered:
The very fleebish gnaves were flooging those gerbins in my sherf. Det Int Adj N V V Dem N Prep Det N Slide7
Try a new one…
Again, use the abbreviations and label above the words:
Several extremely salty pirates casually sauntered across the docks looking to avoid arrest.
Q Int Adj N Adv V Prep Det N V V V NSlide8
Sentence Math…more or less
S = NP + VP
NP = (
Det) + (Q) + (AdjP) + NAdjP = (Int)n + AdjVP = VG + (NP) + (AdvP) + (PrepP) ...or…VP = VG + (NP) + (AdjP) + (PrepP)AdvP = (Int)n + Adv + (PrepP)PrepP = Prep + (Det) + NP*Items in parenthesis are not essential, but may be part of the given phrase.**(Det) is interchangeable with (Dem) in this contextSlide9
Step two: Add parts of speech into their groupings
Several students are sleepy at Renaissance.
Q N V
Adj Prep N NP = (Det) + (Q) + (AdjP) + NSlide10
Step two: Add parts of speech into their groupings
Several students are sleepy at Renaissance.
Q N V
Adj Prep N NPNPSlide11
Step two: Add parts of speech into their groupings
Several students are sleepy at Renaissance.
Q N V
Adj Prep N PrepP = Prep + NPSlide12
Step two: Add parts of speech into their groupings
Several students are sleepy at Renaissance.
Q N V
Adj Prep N PrepPSlide13
Step two: Add parts of speech into their groupings
Several students are sleepy at Renaissance.
Q N V
Adj Prep N PrepPAdjP = (Int)n + AdjSlide14
Step two: Add parts of speech into their groupings
Several students are sleepy at Renaissance.
Q N V
Adj Prep N PrepPAdjPSlide15
Step two: Add parts of speech into their groupings
Several students are sleepy at Renaissance.
Q N V
Adj Prep N PrepPAdjP
VGSlide16
Step two: Add parts of speech into their groupings
Several students are sleepy at Renaissance.
Q N V
Adj Prep N PrepP
AdjP
VG
VP = {VG + (NP) + (AdjP)}Slide17
Step two: Add parts of speech into their groupings
Several students are sleepy at Renaissance.
Q N V
Adj Prep N PrepP
AdjP
VG
VPSlide18
Step two: Add parts of speech into their groupings
Several students are sleepy at Renaissance.
Q N V
Adj Prep N PrepP
AdjP
VG
VP
S= NP + VPSlide19
Step two: Add parts of speech into their groupings
Several students are sleepy at Renaissance.
Q N V
Adj Prep N PrepP
AdjP
VG
VP
SSlide20
More complex:
The very
fleebish
gnaves were flooging those gerbins in my sherf.Det Int Adj N V V Dem N Prep Det N AdjP
VG
NP
VP
S
NP
PrepP
NPSlide21
Once more:
Several
extremely salty pirates casually sauntered across the docks looking to avoid arrest.
AdjP
NP
PrepP
AdvP
VG
VP
VP
SSlide22
On your own…
Diagram the following sentences (pro-tip: turn your paper landscape-style):
Those several really huge frenetic hyenas devoured our crooked politicians quite enthusiastically during the night.
An extremely offended uninvited guest has been making very unfriendly plans at her sinister castle over the weekend.Slide23
Cool, but what’s the point?
Shakespeare (and many other authors and playwrights) messes with syntax.
This is done to create rhyme, rhythm, and add to the poetic nature of the writing.
AND IT MAKES YOUR BRAIN HURT!The goal is to understand the individual pieces of the puzzleAs well as the sections (corner and edge pieces first, right?)So when Shakespeare scrambles it up, you can flip over the pieces and realize the sky is still up, so to speak.Slide24
Prove it
Okay, you asked for it…Slide25
How I have thought of this, and of these times, I shall recount hereafter.
Adv
N V V Prep Dem Conj* Prep Dem N N V V AdvMy speech pattern, you must learn.Slide26
How I have thought of this, and of these times, I shall recount hereafter.
Adv
N V V Prep Dem Conj* Prep Dem N N V V AdvPrepPNP
PrepP
VG
VG
AdvP
AdvP
NP
NP
VP
VP
S
S = VP + NP + VP ???Slide27
Modernize it
If S = NP + VP, then “
How I have thought of this, and of these times, I shall recount
hereafter,” must be re-arranged to state:I shall recount hereafter how I have thought of this, and of these times. N V V Adv Adv N V V Prep Dem Conj* Prep Dem N
PrepPNP
PrepP
NP
VG
VG
AdvP
AdvP
NP
VP
SSlide28
On your own
Diagram the Shakespearean sentences listed below,
then
re-arrange them into a modern syntax pattern:“Round about the caldron go: in the poisoned entrails throw.” (from Macbeth)“Mother, you have my father much offended.” (from Hamlet)Slide29
Reverse Engineering
Making modern language a Shakespearean “masterpiece”Slide30