Room JDE 62 EESC building Rue Belliard 99 1040 Brussels 17 June 2019 930 1300 Matthias Fritz Unit EMPLB3 Health and safety DirectorateGeneral Employment Social Affairs and Inclusion ID: 1045253
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1. ESSC Public hearingSummary of the costs and benefits of investments in occupational safety and health (OSH)Room JDE 62, EESC building, Rue Belliard 99, 1040 Brussels17 June 2019, 9.30 – 13.00Matthias FritzUnit EMPL.B3 ‘Health and safety’Directorate-General Employment, Social Affairs and InclusionEuropean Commission, European UnionEmployment, Social Affairs and Inclusion1
2. Overall aspects of cost and benefits of OSH (1)Accidents and illnesses at workDamages to workers, other persons, equipment, environmentRecognised and non-recognised occupational diseasesPartial vs. full, temporary vs. permanent incapacity to work, including acquired disability due to accidents and illnesses2
3. Overall aspects of cost and benefits of OSH (2)Absenteeism and presenteeism (working with reduced efficiency)Quantifying (monetising) accidents and illnessesCompany (direct) and societal (indirect) costsBenefits: avoiding or reducing direct and indirect costs, company / sector reputation and attractiveness for workers and clients, motivation of workersExisting studies:European Commission (2011): Socio-economic costs of accidents at work and work-related ill health (benOSH)International Social Security Association (2011): The return on prevention: Calculating the costs and benefits of investments in occupational safety and health in companies)3
4. Accidents at work – some aspects and issuesAdministrative data collections and surveysCaused by work and occurring at work, e.g. traffic accidentsComparing accident rates at work and at home / during leisureUnder-coverage: regular of accidents due to the exclusion of certain economic sectors, occupations or labour status in the data collectionUnder-reporting: irregular non-reporting of accidents although the company / worker should be includedInsurance and legal obligation systems in Member StatesNumbers and incidence rates, reference populations4
5. Key figures on accidents at work3,549 officially reported fatal and about 3,3 million non-fatal work accidents in EU-28 in all economic sectors in 2016 from European Statistics on Accidents at Work (ESAW, Eurostat).Corresponding incidence rates: 1.71 fatal and 1,586 non-fatal accidents at work per 100,000 workers in EU-28, 2016.Incidence rates decreased by about 60% 1994 – 2016 in EU-15.Data on occupational injuries resulting in death from Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), University of Washington, U.S., for EU-28, 2015: 7,300 fatalities (estimation)5
6. Decrease in accidents at work, EU common economic sectors, 1994 – 2016 (cases per 100,000 employed persons)6Source: Eurostat, European Statistics on Accidents at Work (ESAW)Common economic sectors (break in series between 2007 and 2008): NACE Rev. 1.1 A, D-K (1994 – 2007) and NACE Rev. 2 A, C-N (2008 – 2016) All economic sectors: NACE Rev. 2 A – U (2008 – 2016).Non-fatal (>4 days of absence from work) Fatal
7. Number of non-fatal and fatal accidents at work in different economic activity sectors, EU-28, 20167Source: Eurostat, European Statistics on Accidents at Work (ESAW)
8. Incidence rates of non-fatal and fatal accidents at work in different economic activity sectors, EU-28, 2016(cases per 100,000 workers)8Source: Eurostat, European Statistics on Accidents at Work (ESAW)Non-fatal accidents at work (>=4 days Fatal accidents at work, of absence) – blue columns, left y-axis red columns, right y-axis
9. Reporting issues of accidents at work in ESAW, EU-28, 2016 (incidence rates - cases per 100,000 employed persons)9Source: Eurostat, European Statistics on Accidents at Work (ESAW)Non-fatal accidents at work (>=4 days Fatal accidents at work, of absence) – blue columns, left y-axis red columns, right y-axis
10. Illnesses at work – some aspects and issuesSee aspects and issues on slide “accidents at work”Identification and recognition of occupational diseasesAdministrative, diagnostic and exposure criteria for recognitionClassification systems of diseases (ICD-10 / 11)Long latency diseases, incidence rates and reference populationsAttributable fractions methods (share of occupational cases in in all cases of a specific disease such as lung cancer)10
11. Key figures on occupational health (1)EU Labour Force Survey ad-hoc module 2013 (Eurostat):2.8% of workers in EU-28 answered in 2013 that they suffered from non-fatal work-related health problems of at least 4 days of absence (compared with about 1.5% of workers who suffered from a non-fatal work accident according to LFS and ESAW, or 1.81% according to EWCS).European Working Conditions Survey (Eurofound):5.2% (preliminary value) of workers in EU-28 answered in 2015 that they suffered from non-fatal work-related health problems of at least 4 days of absence.11
12. Key figures on occupational health (2)European Statistics on Occupational Diseases (EODS, Eurostat)About 160,000 non-fatal and fatal cases of recognised occupational diseases according to ICD-10 classification, EU-28, 2015.Musculoskeletal diseases (MSDs), hearing loss and othersAbout 5% cancers (mesothelioma, malignant neoplasms of bronchus and lung etc.).Data from Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), University of Washington, U.S., for EU-28, 2015Deaths due to specific occupational risks: 126,500 deaths in total, Occupational carcinogens: 99,400Occupational injuries: 7,300etc.12
13. 13Deaths due to different risks, IHME global burden of disease database, EU-28, 2015 (number) (1)(1) Occupational risks include only specific risks (13 occupational carcinogens; particulate matter, gases, fumes; asthmagens and injuries.
14. Deaths due to occupational diseasesOver 200,000 estimated deaths per year due to work-related illnesses, representing over 98% of all work-related deaths in EU-28 in 2015.Cancer is the biggest cause with over 100,000 estimated deaths each year corresponding to about 52% of all work-related deaths.Other causes: 24% circulatory diseases, 2% injuries (accidents at work) and 22% others (incl. respiratory diseases 6%, mental disorders 5.7%, communicable diseases 2.5% etc.).14
15. Main existing EU data collections on OSH (1)European Commission (Eurostat)European Statistics on Accidents at Work (ESAW, Eurostat) European Union Labour Force Survey ad-hoc modules 2020 (planned), 2013, 2007 and 1999 on accidents at work and other work-related health problems (EU-LFS ad-hoc modules, Eurostat)Eurostat articles on health and safety at work:https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Category:Health_and_safety https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Self-reported_work-related_health_problems_and_risk_factors_-_key_statistics 15
16. Main existing EU data collections on OSH (2)European Commission (Eurostat – cont.)European Health Interview Survey (EHIS): e.g. analysis of 16 diseases (such as MSDs, allergies, asthma, depression, diabetes) by economic sector and occupation. EHIS 1 (2006 – 09, gentlemen‘s agreement, 17 MS), EHIS 2 (2013 – 2015, EU-28), EHIS 3 (2019)https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/microdata/european-health-interview-survey https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-manuals-and-guidelines/-/KS-02-18-240 European Occupational Diseases Statistics (EODS): pilot project on collecting recognised cases of occupational diseases in the EU, planned to be finalised in 2021. 16
17. Main existing EU data collections on OSH (3)European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions (Eurofound, Dublin, Ireland)European Working Conditions Surveys (EWCS, EU-OSHA)Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), University of WashingtonGlobal burden of disease database (deaths, DALYs)http://ghdx.healthdata.org/gbd-results-tool 17
18. Access to all Eurostat website data18https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/data/database
19. Challenges1. Lack of more detailed ICD-10 data on (non-recognized) occupational diseases2. Comparability issues of recognized occupational diseasesPossible solutionsCollecting cases of illnesses leading to at least 4 – 14 days of absence from work by economic sector / occupation?Similar to accidents at work reportsData from health insurancesMore harmonised recognition systemsMinimum list of occupational diseases to be recognized?Harmonisation of diagnostic and exposure criteria?19
20. Matthias FritzEuropean CommissionDG Employment, Social Affairs and InclusionUnit EMPL.B3Matthias.Fritz@ec.europa.euThank you for your attention“What goes unreported goes unfixed”