Buddhism The founder of Buddhism is Siddhartha Gautama the son of an Indian king who traveled in search of a deeper understanding of the world and decided that suffering would bring the end of all existence ID: 554107
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Slide1
Buddhism and ShintoismSlide2
BuddhismSlide3
The founder of Buddhism is Siddhartha Gautama the son of an Indian king who traveled in search of a deeper understanding of the world, and decided that suffering would bring the end of all existence.
He lived from around 566 to 480 B.C.E.
And he spent his life spreading his knowledge
OriginsSlide4
Buddhism originally had no deities but there are many variations of Buddhism
No creator God
Japanese:
Jizō – protector of vulnerable; children, travelers, women during childbirth. Chinese:
Harati
– goddess of fertilityTibetan: Chakrasamvara – embodiment of pure compassion
Supreme BeingsSlide5
Dhammapada
– A collection of Buddhist scripture. It comes from a division of the
Pali
Canon of Theravada Buddhism. Tipitaka – This book describes the monastic rule and has a philosophical system
Bardo
Thӧdol – Is the Tibetan book of the dead that describes the Buddhist beliefs of rebirth
Sacred TextsSlide6
One must reach Nirvana through the eightfold path
The Path
1. *
Samma-Ditthi
—
Complete or Perfect Vision, also translated as right view or understanding. Vision of the nature of reality and the path of transformation.2. Samma-Sankappa
—
Perfected Emotion or Aspiration, also translated as right thought or attitude. Liberating emotional intelligence in your life and acting from love and compassion. An informed heart and feeling mind that are free to practice letting go.
3.
Samma-Vaca — Perfected or whole Speech. Also called right speech. Clear, truthful, uplifting and non-harmful communication.4. Samma-Kammanta — Integral Action. Also called right action. An ethical foundation for life based on the principle of non-exploitation of oneself and others. The five precepts.
Reaching SalvationSlide7
5.
Samma-Ajiva
—
Proper Livelihood. Also called right livelihood. This is a livelihood based on correct action the ethical principal of non-exploitation. The basis of an Ideal society.6.
Samma-Vayama
— Complete or Full Effort, Energy or Vitality. Also called right effort or diligence. Consciously directing our life energy to the transformative path of creative and healing action that fosters wholeness. Conscious evolution.
7.
Samma
-Sati —
Complete or Thorough Awareness. Also called "right mindfulness". Developing awareness, "if you hold yourself dear watch yourself well". Levels of Awareness and mindfulness - of things, oneself, feelings, thought, people and Reality.8. Samma-Samadhi — Full, Integral or Holistic Samadhi. This is often translated as concentration, meditation, absorption or one-pointedness of mind. None of these translations is adequate. Samadhi literally means to be fixed, absorbed in or established at one point, thus the first level of meaning is concentration when the mind is fixed on a single object. The second level of meaning goes further and represents the establishment, not just of the mind, but also of the whole being in various levels or modes of consciousness and awareness. This is Samadhi in the sense of enlightenment or Buddhahood.
Reaching SalvationSlide8
The Three Trainings or Practices:
Sila
:
Virtue, good conduct, morality. This is based on two fundamental principles: The principle of equality: that all living entities are equal.
The principle of reciprocity: This is the "Golden Rule" in
Christianity -- to do onto others as you would wish them to do onto you. It is found in all major religions.
Samadhi:
Concentration, meditation, mental development. Developing one's mind is the path to wisdom which in turn leads to personal freedom. Mental development also strengthens and controls our mind; this helps us maintain good conduct.
Prajna
: Discernment, insight, wisdom, enlightenment. This is the real heart of Buddhism. Wisdom will emerge if your mind is pure and calm. Core BeliefsSlide9
The Buddha's Four Noble Truths explore human suffering. They may be described (somewhat simplistically) as:
Dukkha
:
Suffering exists: (Suffering is real and almost universal. Suffering has many causes: loss, sickness, pain, failure, the impermanence of pleasure.)
Samudaya
:
There is a cause for suffering. (It is the desire to have and control things. It can take many forms: craving of sensual pleasures; the desire for fame; the desire to avoid unpleasant sensations, like fear, anger or jealousy.)
Nirodha
:
There is an end to suffering. (Suffering ceases with the final liberation of Nirvana (a.k.a.
Nibbana
). The mind experiences complete freedom, liberation and non-attachment. It lets go of any desire or craving.)
Magga
:
In order to end suffering, you must follow the Eightfold Path.
Core BeliefsSlide10
Meditation and observance of moral precepts were the foundation of Buddhist practice. The five basic moral precepts, undertaken by members of monastic orders and the laity, are to refrain from taking life, stealing, acting unchastely, speaking falsely, and drinking intoxicants.
Members of monastic orders also take five additional precepts: to refrain from eating at improper times, from viewing secular entertainments, from using garlands, perfumes, and other bodily adornments, from sleeping in high and wide beds, and from receiving money.
Religious Practices Slide11
Cycle of Rebirth (samsara)
-- The endless reincarnation of sentient beings
dhyana
[Japanese: zen]) -- The state of the mind as it truly "sees"
Soul (atman)
-- The core of "self" erroneously ascribed to mental activityEnlightenment (bodhi
)
-- Awakening to the awareness of one's Ignorance
Karma --
The value of mental acts (which are linked to behavior), in relation to their effect on increasing or decreasing Ignorance Nirvana -- The extinction of the illusory self in a clear perception of the Emptiness of existence;withdrawal from Cycle of RebirthArhat -- An enlightened being who has "reached" a state of nirvanaBodhisattva -- An enlightened being who remains in the Cycle in order to "ferry" other beings to nirvana
Theravada/Hinayana Buddhism --
The group of Buddhist schools which take the Arhat
as the ideal (currently most popular in Southeast Asia)
Mahayana Buddhism --
Those schools which take the
Boddhisattva as the ideal (the major form of Buddhism in China, Korea, and Japan)
Important TermsSlide12
The stupa
Dharma wheel: traditionally represented with eight spokes, can have a variety of meanings
The lotus flower
SymbolsSlide13Slide14
Shintoism Slide15
Formal State Religion of Japan that was first used in 6
th
century
C.E. but its roots go back to 6th century
B.C.E
. The religion was not fully formed by one person or practice. The first inhabitants of Japan were devoted to spirits of nature. They developed rituals and stories which enabled them to make sense of their universe, by creating a spiritual and cultural world that gave them historical roots, and a way of seeming to take control of their lives, in what would otherwise have been a fearful and puzzling landscape.
OriginsSlide16
The word “Kami” is used to refer to gods, goddesses, ancestors, and different kinds of spirits that inhabit natural habitats.
Shintoism is a polytheistic religion.
The emperors of Japan usually claim to be the descendent of Shinto Sun Goddess Amaterasu.
Supreme BeingsSlide17Slide18
The two sacred books of Shintoism are
Kojiki
and Nihon-
gi. Kojiki means records of ancient matters
Nihon-
gi means chronicles of Japan
Sacred TextsSlide19
No heaven
Spirits on earth
Reaching SalvationSlide20
Impurity is anything that separates people from kami and from
musubi
.
Things that make people impure- tsumi“cleanliness is not district from godliness”
Human beings are born pure and share a divine soul
Cleansing or purifying ritualsTsumi can be disease, disaster, and error, anything connected with death or the dead.
Kami can cause destruction
No moral absolutes
World created by Kami
Kami interact with Japanese people in good ways and bad ways.Kami exist everywhereCore BeliefsSlide21
Children taken to shrine 30-100 days of age to be accepted as new members
Age 5 for boys and age 7 for girls- go to the shrine on November 15th to thank the kami for protection and also ask for health. Similar rites happen for adults.
New Years- purification of home with prayers for luck
Obon festival- celebrates departed ancestors
Cherry blossom- celebrates return of spring
Religious Practices Slide22Slide23
Zazen
:
"seated meditation" The basic method of Zen meditation, traditionally practiced while seated
int
he lotus position in a meditation hall.
Zen:
"meditation" The Japanese sect of Buddhism that focuses on the experience of enlightenment; it began to flourish under the direction of Hui-
Neng
(in China) in the seventh century AD.
Rinzai: The school of sudden awakening, brought to Japan in the twelfth century AD by EIsai; on of the two major sects of Zen.Sumie
:
It is a black ink painting. It places great significance on empty spaces, thereby conveying Zen's principle of simplicity.
Soto:
The school of gradual awakening, brought to Japan in the thirteenth century AD by
Dogen
; one of the two major sects of Zen.
Satori:
The Zen experience of enlightenment, a flash of insight in which the true nature of one's being is known directly.
Important TermsSlide24
Koan
:
A verbal puzzle designed to short-circuit the workings of the rational, logical mind; used especially in Rinzai Zen as a means of triggering satori.
Kami:
Anything that the Japanese hold sacred, including deities, certain human beings, natural entities, and animals.
Butsudo
:
"Buddha's Way".
Izanagi and Izanami:
The primal male and female. They were commanded by other deities to create land. Used Izanagi's spear to churn the sea and create an island (Japan) from the brine that dripped from the spear. Izanami gave birth to many deities and the heat god, killed her when he was born from his heat. Izanagi killed the heat god and followed Izanami to the underworld, who afraid he'd see her decaying body blocked the underworld. He purified himself in the ocean and from the filth in his eye rose Amaterasu, the sun goddess. He also made the sun and moon god.
Important TermsSlide25
Kamidana
:
The "kami shelf," a small altar in the home, patterned after Shinto shrines, that serves as the focal point of domestic worship.
Misogi
:
A ritual cleansing done prior to entering a shrine. It is rite that is identified with natural purity.
Bushido:
"way of the warrior" A code of conduct for the samurai that is based on Shinto nationalism, Confucian ethics, and Zen Buddhist self-discipline.
Samurai:
A Japanese medieval warrior knight.
Torii:
An archway marking the entrance to a Shinto shrine or other sacred site, formed by two upright pillars and a cross beam; Shinto's most recognized
Emperor Hirohito:
After WWII, was forced to announce publicly that he was not divine. Emperors are sacred in Japan as they descend from Amaterasu.
Amaterasu:
the sun goddess created from Izanagi's filth. Her grandson was the first emperor.
Matsuri
:
A festival that celebrates life.
Important TermsSlide26
Maneke
Neko
:
a good luck charm
Tomoe:
related to yin yang symbol and represents the play of forces in the cosmos
Omamori
:
amulets one receives for donating to a Shinto or Buddhist templeMagatama
:
emblem of identity
SymbolsSlide27
http://www.spiritualtravel.org/OBE/afterdeath.html
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