Use of the Definition Criteria Field Indicators and Technical standard Lenore Matula Vasilas Soil Scientist NRCS Soil Survey Division Not Covered Hydrophytic vegetation and wetland hydrology factors ID: 371560
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Hydric Soil AND THE FARM BILLUse of the Definition, Criteria, Field Indicators and Technical standard
Lenore
Matula
Vasilas
Soil Scientist
NRCS
Soil Survey DivisionSlide2
Not CoveredHydrophytic vegetation and wetland hydrology factors
Mapping conventions
Legislative issues other than those specifically related to hydric soilsSlide3
National Technical Committee for Hydric Soils7 CFR Part 12.30 NRCS responsibilities regarding wetlands.
(a)
Technical and coordination responsibilities
. In carrying out the provisions of this part, NRCS shall:
(1) Oversee the development and application of criteria to identify hydric soils in consultation with the National Technical Committee for Hydric Soils and make available to the public an approved county list of hydric soil map units, which is based upon the National List of Hydric Soils;…Slide4
National Technical Committee for Hydric SoilsNRCSChris Smith, NHQ, chair
Shawn Finn, MA
Steve Lawrence, GA
Aaron Miller, NM
Steve Monteith, NSSC
Paul Rodrigue, MS
Lenore Vasilas, NHQ
USACEChris NobleUSEPARalph Spagnolo
USFS
Vacant
BLM
Robert Boyd
USFWS
Jim Dick
University
Richard Griffin, Prairie View
Wade Hurt, Univ. of FL
Chien
-Lu Ping,
Univ
of AK
Mike Vepraskas, NCSUSlide5
Delineation Methodology for FSAThe Corps of Engineers Wetland Determination and Delineation Manual and Regional Supplements with Variances
NRCS relies more often on off-site determinations (hydric soils
list and soil survey maps)
Soils information written in consultation with NTCHS
Supplements adopted NTCHS Field Indicators
Supplements adopted 14 day hydrology requirement
Hydric soils definition wording differences
Soon to be updated manual will eliminate many method inconsistencies between CWA and FSA and, therefore, eliminate many of the current variancesSlide6
Hydric Soil IdentificationSlide7
To be considered a hydric soil the soil must meet__________The hydric soils definition.
The characteristics of a map unit component on the hydric soil list
A field indicator of hydric soils
The technical standard.
Any of the above.
All the above.Slide8
To be considered a hydric soil the soil must meet__________
The hydric soils definition.
The characteristics of a map unit component on the hydric soil list
A field indicator of hydric soils
The technical standard.
Any of the above.
All the above.Slide9
Hydric SoilsSlide10
Hydric Soils DefinitionsFood Security Acta soil that, in its
undrained
condition, is saturated, flooded, or
ponded
long enough during the growing season to develop an anaerobic condition that supports the growth and regeneration of
hydrophytic
vegetation [16 U.S.C. 3801(a)(12)].
NTCHS a soil that formed under conditions of saturation, flooding, or ponding long enough during the growing season to develop anaerobic conditions in the upper part (Federal Register, 1994)Slide11
Determining You Meet the DefinitionMap unit component listed as hydric on
the Hydric Soils List
Meets at least one of the Field Indicators of Hydric Soils in the United States
Has the characteristics of a problematic hydric soil and the site has been proven to
also
meet
hydrophytic
vegetation and wetland hydrology factorsMeets the Hydric Soil Technical StandardSlide12
Hydric Soils ListsSlide13
Original Database Selection Criteria for the National List of Hydric SoilsOriginally a list of soil seriesOriginal c
riteria required a water table and water table data
Original list was queried from old SSSD database and not NASIS
State and
Survey Area
lists were lists of map units and different than the National List
Original state and county list had to be significantly hand edited by statesSlide14
Current National Hydric Soil List
area symbol
area name
map unit sequence
map unit symbol
map unit name
component name and phase
component percent
landforms
hydric rating
IA067
Floyd County, Iowa
3
43
Bremer silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes
Bremer
100
Stream terraces
Yes
IA067
Floyd County, Iowa
9
84
Clyde silty clay loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes
Clyde
85
Interfluves
Yes
IA067
Floyd County, Iowa
9
84
Clyde silty clay loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes
Maxfield
2
Flats
Yes
IA067
Floyd County, Iowa
9
84
Clyde silty clay loam, 0 to 3 percent slopes
Marshan, 32 to 40 inches to sand and gravel
3
River valleys
Yes
IA067
Floyd County, Iowa
10
88
Nevin
silt
clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes
Bremer
5
Stream terraces
Yes
IA067
Floyd County, Iowa
11
96
Turlin loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes
Coland, occasionally flooded
5
Flood plains
Yes
IA067
Floyd County, Iowa
14
135
Coland clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes
Coland, occasionally flooded
95
Flood plains
YesSlide15
Changes to Criteria for Populating the National ListFederal Register 12234 Vol. 77, No. 40 Wednesday, February 29, 2012
Based on deliberations of the NTCHS
30 day public comment period
Fixed issues related to changes in database and changes to format (list of series vs. list of map units)
Biggest issue was water table requirement in old criteria but not in definition of hydric soilSlide16
Drained vs. Undrained
Same Soil Series but Possibly Different Map UnitsSlide17
New Criteria(1) All Histels except
Folistels
and
Histosols
except
Folists
; or
(2) Map unit components in Aquic suborders, great groups, or subgroups, Albolls suborder, Historthels great group, Histoturbels great group, or Andic
,
Cumulic
,
Pachic
, or
Vitrandic
subgroups that:
(a) Based on the range of characteristics for the soil series, will at least in part meet one or more Field Indicators of Hydric Soils in the United States, or
(b) Show evidence that the soil meets the definition of a hydric soil;
(3) Map unit components that are frequently
ponded
for long duration or very long duration during the growing season that:
(a) Based on the range of characteristics for the soil series, will at least in part meet one or more Field Indicators of Hydric Soils in the United States, or
(b) Show evidence that the soil meets the definition of a hydric soil; or
(4) Map unit components that are frequently flooded for long duration or very long duration during the growing season that:
(a) Based on the range of characteristics for the soil series, will at least in part meet one or more Field Indicators of Hydric Soils in the United States, or
(b) Show evidence that the soils meet the definition of a hydric soil.Slide18
Where to Find Hydric Soils List?The National List of Hydric Soils can be found on the NTCHS
website (
http://soils.usda.gov/use/hydric
/
)
National Coverage
Updated yearly
Local List of Hydric Soils can be found on Soil Data Mart or Web Soil Survey (http://soils.usda.gov/) Soil Data Mart data grouped by Survey Area
Web Soil Survey has size limit
Updated as official data is updatedSlide19
When to use the Hydric Soils Lists?
General
planning
Preliminary
data
g
atheringAlong with other info for off-site determinations
Identification of potential WRP sitesSlide20
Working on New Report in NASISHydric
All major and minor components are hydric
Predominantly Hydric
All major components are hydric but some minor components non-hydric
Partially Hydric
Complex with at least one major component hydric and one major component non-hydric
Predominantly Non-hydric
All major components non-hydric and at least one minor component hydricNon-Hydric
All major and minor components non-hydricSlide21
Field Indicators of Hydric Soils in the United StatesSlide22
Field IndicatorsField indicators are soil morphological features used to identify hydric soilsThe features result from soil genesis in the presence of “anaerobic conditions”
They are used for on-site verificationSlide23
Development of Field IndicatorsContinuous processOn-going since mid-80’s
Inter-agency
Including universities, private sector, federal, state, and local agencies
Multi-disciplinary
Soil scientists, hydrologists,
botanistsSlide24
Hydromorphic ProcessesReduction, translocation, and precipitation of iron and manganeseAccumulation and differential translocation of organic matter
Reduction of sulfurSlide25
Hydric Soil IndicatorsIndicators are not intended to replace or relieve the requirements contained in the Hydric Soil Definition
Indicators are used to identify the hydric soil component of wetlands; however, there are some hydric soils that lack one of the currently listed indicatorsSlide26
Important ConceptsSlide27
Proof positiveIf it meets a Field Indicator it is a hydric soilIf it does not meet a Field Indicator it may still be a hydric soil if it meets the definition of a hydric soilSlide28
Three Major DivisionsAll soilsUse regardless of textureMostly organic based indicators
Sandy soils
Loamy soils
Use sandy indicators in sandy layers, and loamy indicators in loamy layersSlide29
Rules for Field Indicator UseA chroma of 2 or less means that the chroma cannot be higher than 2Values should be rounded to the nearest color chip
Except for F8, F12, F19,
F20 and F21
all mineral Field Indicators must have less then 15 cm (6 in) of a chroma > 2 above the indicator.Slide30
Soil SurfaceIn al LRRs, for Field Indicators A1, A2, and A3 begin measurements at the actual soil surface.In
LRRs R, W, X, and Y,
all other observations begin at
the top of the mineral surface.
In LRRs F, G, H, and M, we begin our observations at the actual soil surface if the soil is sandy and
for all other observations at
the muck or mineral
surfaceFor all other LRRs we begin all other observations at the muck or mineral surface.Slide31
Combining IndicatorsIt is permissible to combine certain hydric soil indicators if all requirements of the indicators are met except thickness
The most restrictive
requirement
for
thickness of layers
must
be metSlide32
Example of a Soil That is Hydric Based on a Combination of Indicators
3-6 inches meets F6 Redox Dark Surface, but thickness requirement is 4 inches
6 to 10 inches meets F3 Depleted Matrix requirements, but thickness requirement is 6 inches
Add the 3-6 inch and 6 to 10 inch layer thicknesses together to get 7 inches which is thicker than the most restrictive requirement of 6 inchesSlide33
Example of a Soil That is Hydric Based on a Combination of Indicators
0 to 3 inches meets F6 Redox Dark Surface, but thickness requirement is 4 inches
3 to 6 inches meets S5 Sandy Redox, but thickness requirement is also 4 inches
Combine the thickness of the 2 layers to get 6 inchesSlide34
Key to Soils that Lack Field Indicators
Dig a hole to 6 in.
Do organic soil materials or mucky modified layers exist?
Does chroma
≤ 2 exist?
Are there any distinct or prominent redox concentrations as soft masses or pore linings?
Is there a hydrogen sulfide odor?
Are you in a depression, on a floodplain, in red parent material or within 200 m of an estuarine marsh and 1 m of mean high water?If answer is no to all questions, the soil will not meet an indicator.Slide35
New and Often Overlooked IndicatorsSlide36
Loamy Depressions
F8. Redox Depressions
In CD’s subj. to ponding, 5% or more redox conc. in a layer 2 cm or more thick entirely within upper 15 cm.Slide37
F19. Piedmont Floodplain SoilsChroma less than 4 and 20 percent or more redox
concentrationsSlide38
F20. Anomalous Bright Loamy SoilsWithin 200 m of estuarine marshes or waters and within 1 m of mean high water
Chroma less than 5 and 10 percent redox concentrationsSlide39
Red Parent MaterialF3. Depleted Matrix
F21. RED Parent MaterialSlide40
Technical StandardSlide41
Technical Standard for Hydric SoilsRequirements
Saturated,
Ponded
, or Flooded conditions
Water
table
measurements
Well and piezometersReducing ConditionsRedox potential measurements Reduced Iron (Fe II)
measurements
Alpha-Alpha
Dipyridyl
IRIS tubes
In-situ pH measurements
On-site precipitation data
ReplicatesSlide42
NTCHS Web Site UpdatesI am in the process of updating to delete obsolete tech. notes and provide more complete and up-to-date info on hydric soil issues. If there is any info you would like to see on the page let me know.Slide43
National Hydric Soil ProjectsNational Wetland Condition AssessmentEPAPotential Wetland Landscapes Map based on gridded SSURGO
Association of State Wetland Managers Wetland Mapping ConsortiumSlide44
NRCS Training Opportunities on Hydric SoilsNEDC Courses
Advanced Hydric Soils – Meridian, MS August 20 – 25
th
, 2012
SSSA
Hydric Soils Field
Tour
Cincinnati, OH, Saturday, October 20, 2012Slide45
Questions???????Lenore.Vasilas@wdc.usda.gov