a general population survey Niamh Fingleton Dr Catriona Matheson Dr Margaret Watson Dr Eilidh Duncan Nonprescription medicines NPMs Obtained and supplied without a prescription Used to treat a wide range of symptoms ID: 301796
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Slide1
Non-prescription medicine misuse, abuse and dependence in the UK:
a general population survey
Niamh Fingleton
Dr Catriona Matheson, Dr Margaret Watson, Dr Eilidh DuncanSlide2
Non-prescription medicines (NPMs)Obtained and supplied
without a prescriptionUsed to treat a wide range of symptomsPotential for misuse, abuse and dependenceSlide3
Non-prescription medicines
Caffeine tablets
Laxatives
Codeine-containing painkillers
Medicated skin care products
Cold/flu remedies
Painkillers without codeine
Cough remedies
Sleep aids (non-herbal)
Decongestants
Smoking cessation products
Diarrhoea treatment
Sore throat products
Haemorrhoid products
Travel sickness products
Hay fever products
Vitamins/dietary supplements
Herbal remedies
Weight management products
Indigestion productsSlide4
DefinitionsMisuse“The use of a medicine for medical purposes but in an incorrect manner.”
(Hughes et al. 1999)Abuse“The use of a medicine for non-medical purposes e.g. to experience mind-altering effects.” (Hughes et al. 1999)Slide5
General population surveyAim:
Determine the prevalence of self-reported misuse, abuse and dependence in the UKMethodCross-sectional, postal survey of 1000Pre-notification and two remindersQuestionnaire informed by literature and two existing questionnaires
(Watson et al. 2008; Wazaify et al. 2005)Slide6
General population surveySecondary aim: Assess the effect of behaviour change techniques on response rate
Behaviour change technique“A replicable component of an intervention designed to alter or redirect causal processes that regulate behaviour.” (Michie et al. 2013)Slide7
Behaviour change techniquesSlide8
Behaviour change techniquesCue/prompt“Please now place the questionnaire in a prominent place, i.e. somewhere where seeing it will remind you to complete it.”
Self-reward“If you finish completing the questionnaire, why not reward yourself with a cup of tea? We have provided a teabag for you.”Slide9
Response (n=974)Slide10
DemographicsSex:
50.6% femaleAge (mean): 60 yearsEmployment:
46
% working, 43%
retired
General health:
71% ‘good’ or ’very good’Slide11
DemographicsAlcohol:
75% drink alcoholUnits per week (median): men=9, women=5.5 Smoking:
49% non-smokers; 39% ex-smokers
Ever used drugs:
8% said ‘yes’Slide12
Overall sample
(n=402)
Past month
% (n)
Ever
% (n)
Higher dose than recommended
2.6
(10)
11.9
(46)
More often than recommended
2.8
(11)
10.6
(41)
Longer time than recommended
2.3
(9)
10.6
(41)
Reason not recommended
0.8
(3)5.4(21)
Misuse and abuseSlide13
Misuse (n=75)
Higher dose(13)
More often
(7)
Longer time
(18)
(14)
(3)
(4)
(16)Slide14
‘Some NPMs may cause dependence or addiction’Slide15
Dependence: Do you personally know someone?Slide16
Ever been dependent yourself?
Overall sample
(n=389)
Past month
Ever
%
(n)
%
(n)
Yes
0.8
(3)
2.1
(8)Slide17
AcknowledgementsSlide18
Can you help?
Do you work with people in the UK who are:
c
urrently dependent on NPMs or
c
urrently receiving treatment for NPM dependence?
n.fingleton@abdn.ac.ukSlide19
ReferencesHughes, G. F., McElnay, J. C., Hughes, C. M., & McKenna, P. (1999). Abuse/misuse of non‐prescription drugs. Pharmacy World and Science
, 21(6), 251-255.Michie, S., Richardson, M., Johnston, M., Abraham, C., Francis, J., Hardeman, W., Eccles, M.P., Cane, J. & Wood, C.E. 2013, "The behavior change technique taxonomy (v1) of 93 hierarchically clustered techniques: Building an international consensus for the reporting of behavior change interventions",
Annals of Behavioral Medicine,
, pp. 1-15
.
Watson
,
M.C
., Johnston, M., Bond, C.M., Entwistle, V.A. & Lee, A.J. 2008,
Improving customers communication during consultations for non-prescription medicines in community pharmacies,
Chief Scientist Office (Reference number: CZH/4/376), Edinburgh
.
Wazaify, M., Shields, E., Hughes, C.M. & McElnay, J.C. 2005, "Societal perspectives on over-the-counter (OTC) medicines",
Family practice,
vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 170-176.