a Describe the evolution of Native American cultures Paleo Archaic Woodland and Mississippian prior to European contact First Inhabitants of Georgia Terms to Know this week Archeologist ID: 317978
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SS8H1 The student will evaluate the development of Native American cultures and the impact of European exploration and settlement on the Native American cultures in Georgia. a. Describe the evolution of Native American cultures (Paleo, Archaic, Woodland, and Mississippian) prior to European contact.
First Inhabitants of GeorgiaSlide2
Terms to Know this week
ArcheologistArtifactsPrehistoric
CulturePaleo- Indians
Archaic Period
Woodland Period
Agriculture
NomadsSlide3
A scientist who studies the past based on what people leave behind.What is an archeologist?
Artifacts- Objects that were made, modified, or used by humansSlide4
North America12,000 years ago
The last Ice Age occurred.A land bridge existed between Asia and North America (Beringia).
Georgia’s coast line was a hundred miles east of today’s coast.Slide5
Paleo Indians
First inhabitants of Georgia – 12,000 yrs ago.Nomadic people - followed the herds.
Hunter-gatherers - large animals (mammoths, bison), fish ,wild plants.Used large spears with stone tips called clovis
points (artifacts).
Clothes and tents of animal skins.
Warming climates- extinction of many large animals during
Paleo
period
.
Due to climate and
enviornmental
changes, people were forced to adopt to new ways of life.Slide6
Used on the end of a long heavy spear. It was used for stabbing, not throwing.Clovis PointSlide7
Archaic People8,000 BC – 1,000 BC
Began at the end of the last Ice AgeBegan small seasonal settlements.Improved hunting (small animals) and gathering.
Began trading with other groups.Smaller spear points, stone axes, atlatls and bowls.Slide8
Was thrown using small spear heads at smaller animals. Atlatl
View how an atlatl was used and madeSlide9
Woodland Indians1,000 BC – 900
ADPermanent villages (protective walls) along stream valleys (moist soils)Farming (squash, corn, beans) and improved huntingBow and arrow, new pottery methods
First to build burial mounds (Kolomoki, Rock Eagle)Slide10
Rock Eagle EffigyLocated near Eatonton,GA.
Excavations found the remains on one person and a small spear point.Slide11
Mississippian Culture800 AD – 1600 AD found in FL, GA, and AL
Civilization with organized towns and cities.Extensive agriculture grew corn, squash, beans – aka: “Three sisters”.Trade with groups across North America.
Lived in large “mound towns”.Matrilineal- Property and titles were passed through women, not men.
Society created with hierarchies (levels of importance
). The chief was the most important.
Stone tools, bowls, painted pottery
Mound in Cartersville, GASlide12
The EndOvercrowding, lack of sanitation, and European diseases brought an end to the Mississippian Culture by early 1600s.Slide13
Five Keys to Civilization
Cities are the center of trade.Specialized jobs for different people
Organized government and religionA record keeping system
Advances in technology and tools.