Dr Iram Tassaduq Connective tissue is the term traditionally applied to a basic type of tissue of mesodermal origin which provides structural and metabolic support for other tissues and organs throughout the body also known as Supporting tissue ID: 574964
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CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Dr Iram TassaduqSlide3
‘Connective tissue’ is the term traditionally applied to a basic type of tissue of mesodermal origin which provides structural and metabolic support for other tissues and organs throughout the body, also known as “Supporting tissue”.
INTRODUCTIONSlide4
COMPOSITION
Cells
Fibers
Ground substanceSlide5Slide6
Establishing a structural framework
Supporting, surrounding and interconnecting
tissues
Exchange of nutrients and waste products
Storing energy reserves
Defending the body from microorganisms
Protecting delicate organs
FUNCTIONS Slide7
CLASSIFICATION
Embryonic
Adult
CONNECTIVE TISSUESlide8
EMBRYONIC CONNECTIVE TISSUE
MESENCHYMAL
MUCOUSSlide9
ADULT CONNECTIVE TISSUE
CONNECTIVE
TISSUE PROPER
SPECIALIZED CONNECTIVE TISSUESlide10Slide11
SPECIALIZED CONNECTIVE TISSUE
CARTILAGE
BONE
ELASTIC
FIBRO
CARTILAGE
HYALINE
COMPACT
SPONGYSlide12
RESIDENT CELLS
Fibroblasts
Macrophages
Adipose cells
Mast
cell
Plasma cells
WANDERING CELLS
Lymphocytes
Plasma cells
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Monocytes
CELLS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUESlide13
FIBROBLASTS
One of the two most numerous cells of
C.T.
Large, flat cells with branching processes and appear
fusiform
in profile.
Young fibroblasts
Mature/inactive fibroblastsSlide14
FIBROBLASTS
Most common cells
Synthesize proteins, such as collagen and
elastin
that forms collagen, reticular, and elastic fibers
Secrete “Ground Substance”
Involved in production of “Growth Factors”
Wound healing
Section of
rat skin
. A connective tissue layer (dermis) shows
several fibroblasts, which are the elongated cells. (H&E) stain.Slide15
Fibroblasts that are actively engaged in synthesis are richer in mitochondria, lipid droplets, Golgi complex, and rough endoplasmic reticulum than are quiescent fibroblasts (fibrocytes).Slide16Slide17
MACROPHAGES (HISTIOCYTES)
Almost as numerous as fibroblasts
Most abundant in richly
vascularized
areas
Fixed/resting macrophages
Free/wandering macrophagesSlide18
MACROPHAGES
Size 10-30
µm
Oval or kidney shaped nucleus located eccentrically
Monocytes-Marophages
Kupffer
cells-liver,
microglial
cells-CNS,
osteoclasts
- bone tissue
Phagocytosis
Have well-developed Golgi complex, many
lysosomes
, and a prominent rough endoplasmic reticulum
‘
Foreignbody giant cell’Slide19
IN RESTING PHASE
Appear
as irregular cells with short and blunt processes but sometimes the processes may be long, slender and branching.
Nucleus is rounder, smaller and more heterochromatic than that of fibroblast.
Cytoplasm stains darkly & may contain few small
vacuolesSlide20
IN ACTIVE STATE
Cell
becomes larger with bigger nucleus and prominent nucleolus
Cytoplasm becomes filled with granules and vacuoles, containing ingested materialSlide21Slide22
FUNCTIONS OF MACROPHAGES
Important agent of defense and part of
Mononuclear phagocyte system
.
These are
secretory
cells
that produces several important substances including
enzymes and
proteins of
complement system
They play very important role in
immune system
and act as antigen presenting cells.
They are capable of motility and when suitably stimulated grouped around a large foreign body to form
multinucleated foreign body giant cellsSlide23
ADIPOSE CELLS
The large
mesenchymal
cells after accumulation of fat droplets in their cytoplasm are called
adipocytes
Occur singly or in clumps along small blood vesselsSlide24
ADIPOSE CELLS
Also called “Fat Cells”
Size 50-150 µm
Cytoplasm is
dispalced
to periphery by a single large fat droplet
Nucleus is pressed against the cell membrane “Signet ring”
Functions in energy reserves, insulation, protection, and supportSlide25
TYPES OF ADIPOSE TISSUE
White or
unilocular
Brown or
multilocularSlide26
UNILOCULAR FAT
Also called white fat
Widely distributed in body
Main component of adult fat
Single fat droplet in cytoplasm
Cells show signet ring appearanceSlide27
MULTILOCULAR FAT
Also called brown fat
Mainly found in children
Multiple small fat droplets
Help in heat production
Rich blood supply
Numerous mitochondriaSlide28
MAST CELLS
Mast means well fed. Their cytoplasm is full of coarse granules so this name is given.
Tend to occur in small groups around blood vessels.
Irregularly oval in outline, have short pseudopodia
Nucleus is small being crowded by large number of prominent granulesSlide29
FUNCTIONS OF MAST CELLS
As
these granules contain heparin (a powerful anticoagulant) and histamine (a potent vasodilator) so they play very vital role in
homeostasis
.Slide30
METACHROMASIASlide31
PLASMA CELLS
Large, ovoid cells
Nucleus is spherical and eccentrically placed
‘cart-wheel appearance’
Basophilic cytoplasm due to abundant RER
Rare in most connective tissues
Produce antibodies
Average life is short, 10–20 days
Portion of a chronically inflamed intestinal
villus. PT stainSlide32Slide33