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?NJO0JP=?&&+'$$&"E&F';"(&F$6&%"%'C&'#(&+'$$& - PDF document

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?NJO0JP=?&&+'$$&"E&F';"(&F$6&%"%'C&'#(&+'$$& - PPT Presentation

Nx0000x0000f03O03N97gB03NTx0000KNT7 pseudoadiabatic lapse rates ID: 817783

lapse x0000 decreases hkh x0000 lapse hkh decreases pseudoadiabatic rate height faster temperature buoyant parcel latent potential water condensed

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?NJO0JP=?&&+'$$&"E&F';"(&F$6&%"%'C&'#(&+
?NJO0JP=?&&+'$$&"E&F';"(&F$6&%"%'C&'#(&+'$$&¥!A';"(&;(*$$G(*:&*NQJO0JP!?R;&&Ð!M)*(*&(*/'CC&!N!FO!,N1,O1F�

000;N6STT:&N=��f*$03,?O*$
000;N6STT:&N=��f*$03,?O*$03?N97g&&B?&*$03,NT�K?NT7&pseudoadiabatic lapse rates: ¥!j$&

'.&(#$#.2&'#(&;'(/*C&'B"F*&hKh:&/".,*.$'
'.&(#$#.2&'#(&;'(/*C&'B"F*&hKh:&/".,*.$'D".&"//G($&'.,&%)*&%*+;*('%G(*&/)'.2*&#.$#,*&"E&%)*&'#(&;'(/*C&#$&,*

%*(+#.*,&B-&/"+B#.*,&,(-&',#'B'D/&/""C#.
%*(+#.*,&B-&/"+B#.*,&,(-&',#'B'D/&/""C#.2&'.,&C'%*.%&)*'D.2&,G*&%"&Saturated moist adiabatic lapse rate is

greater than pseudoadiabatic lapse rate
greater than pseudoadiabatic lapse rate (T decreases faster with height), because In case of the former, co

ndensed water can be re-evaporated which
ndensed water can be re-evaporated which absorbs latent heat. Thus, air parcel tends to be less buoyant and

Tv (virtual temperature) decreases fast
Tv (virtual temperature) decreases faster with height. pseudoadiabatic case, no re-evaporation of condensed

water. The rising air parcel is more b
water. The rising air parcel is more buoyant and Tv decreases slower with height. ¥!Moist lapse rate varie

s. Typically, $+&#$&'B"G%&V&aO[+&#.&%)*
s. Typically, $+&#$&'B"G%&V&aO[+&#.&%)*&J'(+&'.,&)G+#,&C"J*(&%(";"$;)*(*:&'.,&o&S89&aO[+&#.&%)*&+#,8%(";"$;

)*(*:&/C"$*&%"&$,&#.&%)*&G;;*(&%(";"$;)*
)*(*:&/C"$*&%"&$,&#.&%)*&G;;*(&%(";"$;)*(*6&&M)-\&!*%*"("C"2#/'C&+*'$G(*+*.%$&$)"J&%)'%&'#(&3N5�bK&'

.,&3,NT7bK:&3N87bK&'%&7��&
.,&3,NT7bK:&3N87bK&'%&7��&)]'p*%*(+#.*&%)*&hKh&"E&'.&(#$#.2&'#(&;'(/*C&E("+&%)*&$G(E'/*&B?!p*%

*(+#.*&%)*&C';$*&('%*&B*%J**.&%)*&hKh&'.
*(+#.*&%)*&C';$*&('%*&B*%J**.&%)*&hKh&'.,&7��&)]'&'$$G+#.2&#?&'CC&/".,*.$*,&C#HG#,&J'%*(&E'CC$

&"G%&M)*.&/".,*.$'D".&"//G($&#.&'&(#$#.
&"G%&M)*.&/".,*.$'D".&"//G($&#.&'&(#$#.2&'#(&;'(/*C:&%)*&C'%*.%&)*'%&(*C*'$*,&B-&/".,*.$'D".:&hF,J$:&J"GC,&

J'(+&%)*&'#(&;'(/*C:&&%)G$&'2'#.$%&%)*&,
J'(+&%)*&'#(&;'(/*C:&&%)G$&'2'#.$%&%)*&,(-&',#'B'D/&/""C#.2:&'$&$)"J.&B-&%)*&T.,&C'J&"E&%)*(+",-.'+#/$&hF,J$

NK;,38#,;6&¥!3)*&*HG#F'C*.%&;"%*.D'C&%*+
NK;,38#,;6&¥!3)*&*HG#F'C*.%&;"%*.D'C&%*+;*('%G(*:&"*:&#$&,*L.*,&'$&%)*&%*+;*('%G(*&J"GC,&B*&#E&'CC&%)*&J'%*(

&F';"(&J*(*&/".,*.$*,&'.,&('#.&"G%&#++*,
&F';"(&J*(*&/".,*.$*,&'.,&('#.&"G%&#++*,#'%*C-&0;$*G,"',#'B'D/&+"#$%&;("/*$$?:&'.,&'CC&%)*&;"%*.D'C&*.*(2-&J

*(*&G$*,&%"&)*'%&%)*&'#(6&&3)G$:&#%&#$&)
*(*&G$*,&%"&)*'%&%)*&'#(6&&3)G$:&#%&#$&)#2)*(&%)'.&%)*&;"%*.D'C&%*+;*('%G(*&" (only include internal and pot

ential energy, not latent energy). &¥!"*
ential energy, not latent energy). &¥!"*&#$&,*(#F*,&E("+&%)*&T.,&C'J&"E&%)*(+",-.'+#/$&&&8hF,J$NK;,38#,;&'$$

G+#.2&'CC&%)*&J'%*(&F';"(&#$&/".,*.$*,&'
G+#.2&'CC&%)*&J'%*(&F';"(&#$&/".,*.$*,&'.,&('#.&"G%&#++*,#'%*C-6& beause 1T21Td"""e",=)dLvwsCpT# $ % % & '

( ( 0ws,"e+"-expLvwsCpT# $ % % & ' ( (
( ( 0ws,"e+"-expLvwsCpT# $ % % & ' ( ( "e is defined as the equivalent potential temperature,&'.,&k#.,

&hKh@&&Ð!k#.,&%)*&"&C#.*&%)'%&#.%*($*/%$
&hKh@&&Ð!k#.,&%)*&"&C#.*&%)'%&#.%*($*/%$&J#%)&#$"%)*(+'C&C#.*&%)'%&(*;(*$*.%$&&$G(E'/*&36&Ð!k#.,&%)*&k#.,#.

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