SWFA R&D for future linear colliders - PowerPoint Presentation

1. SWFA R&D for future linear colliderserhtjhtyhyJohn Power for SWFA 2021drive beammain beamdrive beammain beamAdvanced & Novel Accelerators Track (ANA) organized by ICFA/ANA panelInternational Workshop on Future Linear Colliders (LCWS2021)15-18 March 2021STRUCTURE WAKEFIELD ACCELERATIONColinear Wakefield Acceleration (CWA)Two-Beam Acceleration (TBA)

2. A few references2ANA references: ANAR2017: https://indico.cern.ch/event/569406/ ALEGRO18: https://confs.physics.ox.ac.uk/alegro2018/index.aspTowards an Advanced Linear International Collider: https://arxiv.org/abs/1901.10370v2ALEGRO LOI for Snowmass 2021 Towards an Advanced Linear International Collider Snowmass21 SWFA LOI’s (https://snowmass21.org/loi)Modeling Needs for Structure Wakefield AcceleratorsShort-pulse wakefield structure R&D for high gradient and high efficiency acceleration in future large-scale machinesSWFA demonstrators with integrated technologies for future largescale machinesBright Electron and Positron Beams and High-Charge Electron Bunches for Beam-driven Structure-WakeField Accelerators Structure Wakefield Acceleration (SWFA) Development for an Energy Frontier MachineBeam Physics Challenges & Research Opportunities for Structure-based Wakefield AcceleratorsEtc.ANASWFA

3. swfa communityCOLLABORATORSArgonne National Laboratory (ANL), Lemont, IL, USAASTeC and Cockcroft Institute, Sci-Tech Daresbury (STFC), Daresbury, UK Center for the Advancement of Natural Discoveries using Light Emission (CANDLE), Yerevan, ArmeniaDeutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, GermanyTsinghua University, Beijing, ChinaSLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CAEuclid Techlabs, LLC, Bollingbrook, IL, USALaboratori Nazionali di Frascati (INFN/LNF), Frascati, ItalyLos Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM, USAMassachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA, USANorthern Illinois University (NIU), DeKalb, IL, USASLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA, USAUniversity of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA

4. Finding common ground between the 4 ANA schemes: DLA, LWFA, PWFA and SWFA4

5. Finding common ground between the 4 ANA schemes: DLA, LWFA, PWFA and SWFA CTE1. Polarized e- source at the full LC operational parameters including damping ring CTE2. Polarized e+ source at the full LC operational parameters including damping ring CTE3. Main Beam Physics CTE4. Drive Beam Physics (Power Source) CTE5. Advanced and Novel Structures CTE6. Staging of Multiple Acceleration Stages to High Energy CTE7. Beam Delivery System: Emittance preservation, chromaticity control, etc. CTE8. appropriate main-beam parameters at the IPCTE’s (critical technology elements)**also need theory, simulations, exp’t facilities, diagnostics, etc.Relatively specific R&D

6. Finding common ground between the 4 ANA schemes: DLA, LWFA, PWFA and SWFAStepping Stone FacilitiesLight SourcesTable top FEL Mutli-user XFELMedical, SecurityCargo Inspection, VHEE, etc. HEP machinesHigg’s FactoryILC afterburnerse+e- 1, 3,10, 30 TeVGamma collidersCombined ANA HEP machine?E.g. LWFA e- source  SWFA linac  PWFA afterburnerDESIGNS Strawman  MatureComplete TABLES

7. STRUCTURE WAKEFIELD ACCELERATION(quick introduction)7

8. SWFA OverviewDrive bunch excites EM wave in a slow-wave structureWakefield is used to accelerate properly delayed trailing main bunch KEY ≡ Beams & Structures8Drive beam(DB) Main beam (MB) modeDB distrib.

9. Two SWFA schemesCollinear Wakefield Acceleration Two Beam Acceleration CWA uses single beamlineProsCheaper? One beamline, One structure, No couplers ConsChallenges associated with combined beam dynamics of drive and witness bunches.TBA uses two parallel beamlinesProsDecoupled drive/main beam optics designTwo different structures allow simultaneous high gradient and high efficiency accelerationConsCost?MB DB

10. SCHEMEAcceleration scheme selectedMAINBEAMDRIVEBEAMSTRUCTURE conventional option selectedmaterialgeometry conventional structures novel structuresnovelstructuredesignDrive beam capabilitieslong./trans. shapingBBU controlCWATBAbaselinee+ injector w DRe- injector w DRmain beam scheme selectedMain beam injectors designednovel injectors designsAlternative injectorse.g. DR freeimproved design ?SWFA Roadmaphttps://arxiv.org/abs/1901.10370v2 (Towards an Advanced Linear International Collider)

11. SWFa designs: Strawman  Mature11

12. SWFA linear colliderTWO BEAM ACCELERATOR: Compact Linear Collider (CLIC)100 MV/m loaded accelerating gradient (~200 ns)X-band normal-conducting metallic decelerating/accelerating structure~7% overall efficiency matureCLIC CDRhttps://project-clic-cdr.web.cern.ch/CDR_Volume1.pdf

13. SWFA linear collider TWO BEAM ACCELERATOR: Argonne Flexible Linear Collider (AFLC)~300 MV/m loaded accelerating gradient using short RF pulse (~20 ns)26 GHz normal-conducting dielectric decelerating/accelerating structureEfficiency under systematic study (7-15% depending on technologies development)W. Gai, C. Jing, J.G. Power, JPP 78, 339-345 (2012)strawman

14. SWFA linear collider COLLINEAR WAKEFIELD ACCELERATOR: Very preliminary designCourtesy of C. Jingpre-strawman

15. SWFA Light sourceCOLLINEAR WAKEFIELD ACCELERATOR: multi-beamline XFELHigh charge drive beam shapingHigh frequency corrugated waveguide structureBeam break-up control A. Zholents, et al, NIMA 829, 190-193 (2016)A. Zholents, et al, Proceedings of IPAC2018strawmanStepping Stone Facility

16. Progress on SWFa since allegro’18critical technology elements16

17. Electron main bunch (CTE1)Development of a damping-ring-free electron injector for Future Linear CollidersRepartitioning the emittance of the electron source for the IP 17(ex,ey,ez)Flat beam transformer installedFlat beam demonstratedEEX beamline installedDemonstrate repartitioning PROGRESS & NEXT STEPSelectronsourceaccelerating cryomoduleflat beamtransformeremittanceexchange(45,45,10)(0.03,66000,10)(0.03,10,66000)IPJohn Power, ANL, Philippe Piot,, NIU, Kuriki Masao, Hiroshima University, Hitoshi Hayano, KEKARGONNE WAKEFIELD ACCELERATORREPARTITIONING IN 2 STEPS

18. (CTE2)

19. Drive beam (CTE4) SOURCE SHAPINGAdvanced CSR-free shaping technology, critical for efficiency improvement in CWA approach60nC beam shapingG. Ha et al, PRAB 23, 072803 (2020)Cs2Te Cathode Dia. ~25mm100 nC single bunch600 nC bunch train

20. Advanced and Novel StructuresMaterial: Dielectric or MetallicGeometry: cylindrical, planarNovel: PBG, MetamaterialShort-pulse (TBA ~20 ns, CWA sub-ns)Temperature: Room Temp vs Cold dielectric250MV/m of gradient and 350Mohm/m of shunt impedance in X-band copper structure at 45°K350MV/m of gradient and 550Mohm/m of shunt impedance in X-band Dielectric Corrugated Accelerating (DCA) at 77°KFrequency: GHz  THzHigh gradient require high-frequency structures -- THz range since by transverse (dip. Wake)  Beam drive structures20(CTE5)

21. Advanced and Novel StructuresRecent development400 MW1 GWMetallic disk loaded400 MWMetamaterial380 MW150 MeV/m267 MeV/m250 MV/mMain beam acc.BD testMulti-stageMulti-structureMulti-stageC. Jing, et al, NIMA 898, 72 (2018)M. Peng, et al, in preparationM. Peng, et al, in preparationX. Lu, et al, APL 116, 264102 (2020)(CTE5,6)

22. Advanced and Novel StructuresRecent development (Feb. 2021)Stage-III metamaterial wagon wheel power extractor structure successfully tested at AWA Major improvements in reducing RF loss and coupler asymmetry510 MW peak RF powerGenerated from a train of 8 bunches280 nC total charge before the structure with 61% transmission128 MV/m decelerating gradient(CTE5)

23. Advanced and Novel StructuresRecent development at AWA11.7 GHz accelerating structure (1 normal cell + 2 matching cells) designed to reach high gradient with short RF pulse 400 MW RF power generated from PETS with 450 nC drive beam~200 MeV/m average gradient in three cells, >250 MeV/m gradient in the middle cell, ~500 MV/m peak surface fieldNo breakdown observed at high field levelPreliminary resultsAWA/Euclid is also in collaboration with CERN in dielectric structure R&D for potential usage in CLIC(CTE5)

24. Acceleration PETS power24GHzTHzacceleration1 GV/m0.1 GV/mCLICE201 FACET dielectricAWA dielectric TBAdecelerationAWA metallic TBA New record2018 2019 2020 2021 900 MW800 MW700 MW600 MW500 MW400 MW300 MWX-band metallicX-band metallicX-band MTMX-band MTM

25. CTE7. Beam Delivery System: Emittance preservation, chromaticity control, etc.Beam Delivery System (BDS) interest group (Spencer Gessner et al.)Improved BDS designs for ILC/CLICCan we use ILC BDS at higher energy (>1TeV)Study plasma lensesCLIC BDS (few ns spacing) vs ILC BCD (~us spacing)CLIC BDS dispersion introduced challenging CTE8. appropriate main-beam parameters at the IPPlasma and Advanced Structure Accelerators Interest Group (Eric Esarey et al.)25CTE wrap up

26. Plans for SWFa demonstrators26

27. SWFa DEMONSTRATORS500 MeV TBA demonstrator70 MeV drive beam2 x 8-bunch trains, 40 nC/bunchDecelerated to ~20 MeV15 MeV main beamLow charge single bunchAccelerated to ~500 MeVJ. Shao et al, NAPAC2019

28. Next step: SWFa DEMONSTRATORSCWA energy doublerCourtesy of A. Zholents

29. What outcomes would we like to see?Strengthen collaboration between SWFA and HG CommunityStrengthen ANA collaborationsInterest Groups per CTE’sBeam production (CTE1 and CTE2)Accel Tech (CTE3-6)Plasma and Advanced Structure Accelerators (PASA) Interest GroupBeam Delivery System (BDS) interest group (CTE7)IP interest group? (CTE8)Strawmen DesignsCombined ANA collider?Participate in Snowmass