Annette Klosa Institut für Deutsche Sprache Mannheim Outline 2 German online dictionaries a survey Tendencies in academic lexicography corpusbased approach innovative presentation of lexical information ID: 579006
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Slide1
German lexicography today
Annette
Klosa
(Institut für Deutsche Sprache, Mannheim
)Slide2
Outline
2
German (online) dictionaries – a survey
Tendencies in (academic) lexicography
corpus-based approach
innovative presentation of lexical information
the dictionary and its user
Summary and outlookSlide3
German (online) dictionaries
3
in
Germany: both,
academic lexicography
(academies of science, Institut für Deutsche Sprache) and
commercial lexicography
(publishing houses: Duden, Langenscheidt, PONS, Wahrig)
academic lexicography: specific, non-profit, mostly monolingual dictionary projects
publishing houses: cover the market of general and learners‘ monolingual and bilingual dictionariesSlide4
German (online) dictionaries
4
rich lexicographic tradition
for German
with very many different dictionary types, e.g. dialect dictionaries, dictionaries for the historical varieties of German, new word dictionaries, loan word dictionaries
orthographic dictionaries like
„Duden – Die deutsche Rechtschreibung“
are well known by the general public
„Deutsches Wörterbuch“ by Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm is still also known and
used (especially the online version)Slide5
German (online) dictionaries
5
publication of German dictionaries in print, on CD-ROM, on electronic devices (e.g., mobile phones), on the
Internet
focus in this talk on
monolingual dictionaries of contemporary standard German
latest German monolingual dictionaries are mostly online dictionaries – no recent new print editions of „Wörterbuch der deutschen Gegenwartssprache“ (6 volumes, last edition 1980-1982) or „Duden – Das große Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache“ (10 volumes, 1999)Slide6
German (online) dictionaries
6
some new printed monolingual dictionaries for German as a second language (Hueber-Duden 2007, Langenscheidt 2010, Pons 2010)Slide7
German (online) dictionaries
7
M
onolingual dictionaries of contemporary standard German on the Internet:
www.pons.eu
: orthographic dictionary, dictionary of German as a second language (plus bilingual dictionaries)
www.duden.de
: an online dictionary of German compiled from several printed Duden dictionaries with a focus on orthography, synonyms and meaningSlide8
German (online) dictionaries
8
M
onolingual dictionaries of contemporary standard German on the Internet:
www.dwds.de
: „Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache“
containing
an online version of „Wörterbuch der deutschen Gegenwartssprache“ plus thesaurus and etymological dictionary, a German reference corpus and word profilesSlide9
German (online) dictionaries
9
M
onolingual dictionaries of contemporary standard German on the Internet:
www.elexiko.de
: a corpus-based online dictionary of contemporary German published in the dictionary portal OWID (
www.owid.de
),
which also
contains a new word dictionary, a dictionary of proverbs, etc.
elexiko
is still under construction; it takes many different linguistic, metalexicographic and corpuslinguistic ideas and methods into considerationSlide10
Tendencies in (academic) lexicography
10
Corpus based approach
:
frequency of a headword (absolute, relative, throughout time)
KWIC-lines
quotations from the dictionary corpus
collocates and word profiles
constructions with a headword
grammatical variation
etc.Slide11
Tendencies in (academic) lexicography
11
a)
Corpus based approach
:
frequency
in
www.duden.de
: in
www.dwds.de
:
Frequency information on
Konferenz
in
www.elexiko.de
: Slide12
Tendencies in (academic) lexicography
12
Corpus based approach
:
frequency
in „Neologismenwörterbuch“ in
www.owid.de
F
requency
of
Konsole
1990-2010Slide13
Tendencies in (academic) lexicography
13
a
)
Corpus based approach:
KWIC-lines
KWIC-lines for
Konferenz
in
www.dwds.deSlide14
Tendencies in (academic) lexicography
14
a
)
Corpus based approach:
quotations
Automatically compiled corpus
quotations for
Konferenz
in
www.elexiko.deSlide15
Tendencies in (academic) lexicography
15
a
)
Corpus based approach:
quotations
Corpus quotations (manually chosen) for
Ende gut, alles gut
(‚All‘s well that ends well‘) in „Sprichwörterbuch“ in
www.owid.deSlide16
Tendencies in (academic) lexicography
16
a
)
Corpus based approach
:
collocates
Computer generated adjective collocates for
lemma
Konferenz
in
www.duden.de
Slide17
Tendencies in (academic) lexicography
17
a
)
Corpus based approach
:
collocates
Computer generated adjective collocates for
lemma
Konferenz
in cloud view in
www.dwds.de
Slide18
Tendencies in (academic) lexicography
18
a
)
Corpus based approach
:
collocates
Lexicographically chosen adjective collocates for
lemma
Krise
(arranged in sets of questions [= slots] and answers [= fillers]) in
www.elexiko.de
Slide19
Tendencies in (academic) lexicography
19
a
)
Corpus based approach
:
constructions
Constructions with
lemma
Krise
taken from the corpus in
www.elexiko.de
Slide20
Tendencies in (academic) lexicography
20
a
)
Corpus based approach
:
grammatical variation
Variation of genitive singular form for lemma
Dialog
with information on relative frequency in
www.elexiko.de
Slide21
Tendencies in (academic) lexicography
21
b)
Innovative presentation of
lexical information
in printed dictionaries: use of a
second colour, special information
in boxes, sometimes illustrations
Hueber-Duden (2007)Slide22
Tendencies in (academic) lexicography
22
b)
Innovative presentation of lexical information
in electronic
dictionaries:
colours throughout
disorganization and reorganization of information into several panels, pop-up windows, screensSlide23
Tendencies in (academic) lexicography
23
b)
Innovative presentation of lexical information
in electronic
dictionaries:
information presented in lists, groups, clouds, tables, etc.
hyperlinks
multi media elements
(sound files, illustra-
tions, videos)Slide24
Tendencies in (academic) lexicography
24
c
)
The dictionary and its user:
contact with users
d
irect contact with the user is
offered mostly by non-academic
dictionaries as a marketing
instrument, e.g. Duden
other marketing instruments
are facebook sites, twitter
news, or newslettersSlide25
Tendencies in (academic) lexicography
25
d)
The dictionary and its user:
contact with users
academic dictionary projects are more reluctant in this respect, some try to make their project better known to the general public via new social media
www.woerterbuchnetz.de
,
in which the online version of „Deutsches Wörterbuch“ (J. and W. Grimm) is availableSlide26
Tendencies in (academic) lexicography
26
d)
The dictionary and its user:
usage research
in the academic context: research into dictionary use and usage studies, e.g. at the IDS
for
elexiko
: two online studies with over 1.000 participants
one of the goals for these studies: to further improve the usability of
elexiko
with the results obtained
other studies at the IDS: investigating the social situations, in which online dictionaries are being consulted, and different user demands (see
www.benutzungsforschung.de
) Slide27
Tendencies in (academic) lexicography
27
d)
The dictionary and its user:
usage research
example: Do dictionary users prefer alphabetic order or order according to frequency of words, e.g. for word formation products given for a headword?Slide28
Tendencies in (academic) lexicography
28
d)
The dictionary and its user:
usage research
results: preference for alphabetic order, linguists prefer order by frequency
outcome:
elexiko
offers both ways of ordering word formation products, alphabetic order is default
C
ompounds
with
Computer
in
www.elexiko.de
with possibiliy to order by alphabet or by frequencySlide29
Summary and outlook
29
wide range of dictionaries and dictionary projects in Germany
online dictionaries become more and more important, for publishing houses as well as in the academic context
design and usability of online dictionaries still varies to a large extent
contact with users has intensified; there are half-collobarative (e.g., the bilingual LEO-dictionaries,
www.leo.org
) and collaborative dictionary projects (e.g., the German wiktionary,
www.wiktionary.org
)
studies into dictionary use will become even more important in the futureSlide30
Summary and outlook
30
the dictionary landscape in Germany will continue to change, as sales figures for print dictionaries drop constantly, and the number of people using google to look up orthography, meaning, and usage of words, increases steadily
academic lexicographers and publishing houses have to combine their endeavours, if the high quality standard of German lexicography is to be maintained
a network like the „Academic Network of Internet Lexicography“ (
www.internetlexikografie.de
, funded by the German Research Foundation), is one of the initiatives needed in this contextSlide31
Thank you for your attention!
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