m Ms Macemore What is parallel structure T he repetition of a chosen grammatical form within a sentence By making each compared item or idea in your sentence follow the same grammatical pattern you create ID: 290265
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Slide1
Parallelism
Ms.
MacemoreSlide2
What is parallel structure?
T
he
repetition of a chosen grammatical form within a sentence. By making each compared item or idea in your sentence follow the same grammatical pattern, you create
a
parallel
construction
. Parallelism is used in making lists.
Example: I enjoy
running 5Ks
,
writing stories
, and
making Italian dishes
.
Each phrase must start with the same part of speech. If the first phrase starts with a preposition, so must the others. If it starts with a verb…you get the point.
Slide3
Nonparallel Structure
For a list of actions or items, you must maintain
parallel structure
. To do this, use equal grammatical units. If the first item is a
noun
, then the following items must also be nouns; if the first item is a
verb
, then make the other items verbs as well
.
Nonparallel structure
looks like this
:
At
the garden store, Larissa bought
plastic pink flamingos
,
ceramic gnomes
, and then
she impulsively added a concrete mermaid to her cart
.Slide4
Parallel Structure
Either one of these would be correct:
At the garden store, Larissa bought
plastic pink flamingos
,
ceramic gnomes
, and
a concrete mermaid
.
At the garden store, Larissa
bought
plastic pink flamingos,
rescued
ceramic gnomes from the sale bin, and impulsively
added
a concrete mermaid to her cart
.Slide5
How do I do this?
Once you discover a nonparallel item, you have two options. First, you can make it conform to the other grammatical items in the sentence. Look at this example
:
We spent the hour in the waiting room
reading
old magazines,
eating
stale cookies from the vending machine, and
we wiggled
on the hard plastic chairs
.
How can we fix this one???Slide6
More Examples
Mary likes hik
ing
, swimm
ing
, and bicycl
ing
.
Mary likes
to hike
,
to swim
, and
to ride
a bicycle
.
The coach told the players
that they should get
a lot of sleep,
that they should not eat
too much, and
that they should do
some warm-up exercises before the game.Slide7
How else can we look at this?
Essentially, when fixing parallel structure, you look for the ‘sore thumb’—the phrase that sticks out because it doesn’t sound the way the others do.
It also helps to decide what is being listed, first.Slide8
More Explanation…
In the restroom,
Tishena
was brushing her hair
,
freshened her lip-gloss
, and
took deep breaths
,
trying
to work up the courage to walk to her first speech class.
What is being listed? Which sticks out?
In
the restroom,
Tishena
brushed
her hair
,
freshened her lip-gloss
, and
took deep breaths
, trying to work up the courage to walk to her first speech class. Slide9
Practice
Justin was excited about
inviting friends over
,
eating a good meal
, and
to play cards
.
What is being listed?
Which one doesn’t match? Why?Slide10
Practice – Fix These!
Celine looked
behind the toilet, in the laundry basket
, and
checked under the bed
, but she could
not
find Squeeze, her nine-foot albino python.
Spiders that bite
,
hissing snakes
, and
squealing rodents
fill the aquariums in Desmond’s
basement
.
Until the Weavers arrived home at 5 p.m.,
the clock ticked
,
the refrigerator hummed
, and
the dog
was snoring
in the otherwise quiet house.
Mark looked
under the bed
,
in the hamper
, and
he even searched his brother’s closet
, but he
could
not find his favorite University of Florida T-shirt.