Where Would We Be Without Petroleum You can kiss lipstick goodbye Artificial Hearts Aspirin Balloons Bandages Blenders Cameras Candles CD Players Clothing Compact DiscsDVDs Computers ID: 482111
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The Energy CooperativeSlide2
Where Would We Be Without Petroleum?
You can kiss lipstick good-bye.
Artificial Hearts
Aspirin
Balloons
Bandages
Blenders
CamerasCandlesCD PlayersClothingCompact Discs/DVDsComputersContainersCrayonsCredit CardsDenturesDeodorantDigital ClocksDyes
FertilizersFood PreservativesFootballsFurnitureGarbage BagsGlassesGlueGolf BallsHair DryersHang GlidersHouse PaintInkInsecticidesLife JacketsLipstickLuggageMedical EquipmentMedicines
MP3 PlayersPantyhosePatio ScreensPerfumesPhotographic FilmPhotographsPiano KeysRoller BladesRoofingShampooShaving CreamSoft Contact LensesSurfboardsTelephonesTentsToothpasteToysUmbrellasSlide3
Fossil Fuels – Nature’s Batteries
80% of the world’s energy comes from fossil fuels
Oil
Natural gas
CoalSlide4
How do oil and gas get from the ground into products we use?
Exploration
Drilling and Production
Extraction
Refining
Transportation
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Exploration: a treasure hunt to find oil and gas
Geologists study rocks on the Earth’s surface
and undergroundGeologists make a map of the rocks where they think oil and gas might be found
Photo by John Simmons, OnTV
© The Geological Society of London
www.geolsoc.org.ukSlide6
Tools For Geologist
Well LogsSeismic SurveysSlide7
Geologic MapsSlide8
Ohio Geology
The Age of the Rocks in Ohio ranges from 300 Million years old to 480 Million years old
The Geology of Ohio is defined mainly by the Appalachian basin
The Appalachian Basins stretches from up-state New York thru Tenn. and into Alabama.
The western boundary is Cincinnati Arch in south west Ohio.
The Depth of the Basin ranges from 45,000 ft in Penn to less than 2,000 ft in Western Ohio.
The basin formed in response to multiple Orgies or Mountain Building events.
As the Appalachian Mountains grew taller the amount of sediment that was being eroded due to weathering increased and it is these sediments that form the sedimentary rocks that are here in Ohio.Slide9Slide10Slide11Slide12
Drilling and Production
Engineers use the geology map to drill a well under the Earth’s surface using a “rig”If successful, the well will bring a steady flow of oil and gas to the surfaceSlide13Slide14
Where Do Oil and
Gas Come From?
Microscopic View
Gas
Oil
Water
Source Rock (Fossils)
Oil drops in grains of sandSlide15
What is the Origin of Petroleum?
Dinosaurs!
NO!!!
Oil really comes from creatures the size of a pinhead. These one-celled creatures, known as diatoms (a form of Phytoplankton), aren't really plants, but share one very important characteristic with them - they take
light from the sun
and convert it into
energy
.Slide16
Phytoplankton
Magnified Images of Diatoms
Satellite Image of PhytoplanktonSlide17Slide18
Extraction
After the rig is removed, a pump is placed on the well head. An electric motor drives a gear box that moves a lever.
The lever pushes and pulls, forcing the pump up and down, and creates a suction that draws up the oil.Slide19
Transportation
Natural Gas is moved from the well head to the burner tip within a pipeline system.
Liquids such as oil can be stored in tanks and transported by trains, trucks or pipelines.Slide20
Refining
Chemicals and heat are used to remove water and solidsNatural gas is separated
Cracking and rearranging molecules prepares the finished productsOil is then stored in tanks.
Photo courtesy of © BP
p.l.c
.Slide21
The Petroleum Industry In Ohio
Oil & Gas wells have been drilled in Ohio since the late 1800’s.At one point Ohio was the largest producer of oil in the world. These oil fields were located in north west Ohio and this is were John D. Rockefeller founded “Standard Oil”.
In 1896 Ohio produced 24 million barrels of oil. (oil field barrel is 42 gallons)Slide22
Current Drilling Activity
The Silurian Clinton Sandstone is still the backbone of our industry in Ohio.The Clinton Fairway stretches north in east central Ohio. Wells range in depth from ~2000 ft to 6,000 ft.
Low risk slow pay out.Knox Group (Beekmantown, Rose Run, Copper Ridge)
Deeper than the Clinton Sandstone, depth range from ~4000 ft to 8500 ftHigher risk but higher returns.
Other shallow targets Berea, Ohio Shale and Pennsylvania Sands.
All are relatively low risk and low return.
Shale Drilling!!!
Utica and MarcellusSlide23
Summary of Ohio Oil & Gas Activities
For the year 2011 there were 460 production wells drilled in Ohio. Production for the same year totaled 4.85 million bbls of oil & 73.3 BCF of natural gas.
Overtime Ohio has produced over 1.14 billion bbls of oil and 8.59 TCF of natural gas. Ohio Currently has over 64,481 wells in production.