0ISHIIotherslongjustthesameresultswereobtainedwithorwithoutanindicatoreitherlitmusorchinablueIntheglucosepeptonewaterculturesinmostcasesBacttyphidiedinthreetofivedaysBactparatyphiAinthreetofivedaysBa ID: 862993
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1 TEHEFATEOFBACTERIAOFTHECOLON-TYPHOIDGROU
TEHEFATEOFBACTERIAOFTHECOLON-TYPHOIDGROUPONCARBOHYDRATEMEDIA0.ISHIIFromtheResearchLaboratory,WesternPennsylvaniaHospital,Pittsburgh,PennsylvaniaReceivedforpublicationApril7,1920Inanystudyofthefermentationreactionsofthecolon-typhoidgrouponcarbohydrateculturemedia,itiscustomaryforbac-teriologiststomakeobservationsastothequantityofacid,alkali,orgasformationforanunlimitednumberofdays,sometimesfortwoweeks,oronemonth,orevenforamuchlongerperiod.Inthisstudywehavefound,however,thattheorganismsofthecolon-typhoidgroupdonotliveaslongasthisoncertainsugarculturemedia.Thetechniqueusedwasasfollows.Theculturemediacon-tainingthesugarweremadewith1percentpeptoneplus0.5percentsodiumchloride,andtheyweresterilizedonceintheautoclaveunder15poundspressureforfifteenminutes;thisdoesnotinterferewiththedifferentialfermentationreactionofthesesugars,aswealwayshavebeenabletodifferentiatequitesatis-factorilytheseveralstrainsofthecolon-typhoidgroupwiththeabovemethod.Stockcultureswereusedandfreshsubculturesweremadeinbrothculturemedia.Fromthelatterthesugarculturemediawereinoculated.Theculturetubeswereclosedwithcottonstoppersandkeptinanincubatorat37°C.Theywereexaminedeverydaybythestreakmethodontheplainagarplate,alsoinbrothmedia,oneloopfulofthebacterialculturebeingtakenfromthesugarmediumtodeterminewhetherornottheor
2 gan-ismswerestilllving.Theresultsshowtha
gan-ismswerestilllving.Theresultsshowthattheperiodoflife'ofthecolon-typhoidgrouponcertainofthedifferentsugarculturesisshortandon437SOUrRNALOFBACIURTOLOGY,VOL.V,NO..5 0.ISHIIotherslong(justthesameresultswereobtainedwithorwithoutanindicator,eitherlitmusorchinablue).Intheglucose-peptonewaterculturesinmostcases,Bact.typhidiedinthreetofivedays,Bact.paratyphiAinthreetofivedays,Bact.paratyphiBinthreetosixdays,Bact.enteritidisinfivetosevendays,Bact.suipestiferinsevendays,Bact.coliinsixtosevendays,ProteusinsevendaysandBact.dysenteriaeinthreetosevendays;butallstrainsofBact.pyocyanreusstillsur-vivedafterthirtydays'growth.TheaboveresultswithPs.pyocyaneawereobtainedwithstrainsreceivedfromDr.C.-EA.Winslow,andfromDr.OscarTeague,MedicalSchoolofColumbiaUniversityofNewYork;afewstrains,whichwehaveisolatedfromfeces,however,diedwithintendaysinglucosebroth,whileotherssurvivedmorethanthirtydays.ItwouldseemthatthereareanumberofdifferenttypesofPs.pyocyaneawithdif-ferentbiologicalproperties.Inmannitolpeptonewatercultures,inmostcases,Bact.typhidiedinfourtosixdays,Bact.paratyphiAinfourtofivedays,Bact.paratyphiBinfivetoeightdays,Bact.enteritidisinabouteightdays,Bact.suipestiferinabouteightdays,Bact.coliinfivetoeightdays,Bact.dysenteriaeinfivetotendays(withtheex-ceptionofonewhichsurvivedforoverthirtydays);
3 ProteusandBact.pyocyaneuswerestillalivea
ProteusandBact.pyocyaneuswerestillaliveafterthirtydays.OnespecialstrainofBact.dysenteriaeShiga,T(obtaineddirectfromDr.Shiga,Japan),wasstillaliveafterthirtydays,thoughanotherstrainofShigano.1,wasdeadintendays.Thisisverypeculiar,sinceculturallybothwereotherwisethesameandtherewasnoacidfermentationineithercase.InthelactosepeptonewaterculturesofallthestrainsofBact.typhi,Bact.paratyphiA,Bact.paratyphiB,Bact.enteritidis,Bact.suipestifer,Proteus,Bact.pyocyaneusandofalloftheBact.dysenteriaegroup,nonehaddiedwithinonemonth,butallstrainsoftheBact.coligroupdiedwithinfivetoeighteendays.InthesucrosepeptonewaterculturesofallthestrainsusedofBact.typhi,Bact.paratyphiAandB,Bact.enteritidis,Bact.suipestifer,Proteus,Bact.pyocyaneusandofalloftheBact.dysen-teriaegroup,nonediedwithinamonth.Ofthesevenstrainsof438 BACTERIAOFTHECOLONTYPHOIDGROUP439Bact.coliused,however,threestrainsdiedwithinfive,eightandtendays,whilethefourotherstrainsremainedaliveuntilafteronemonth.Pateofcolontyphoidgroupondifferentsugarcultures,inoculatedat370C.Numeralssignifydayofdeath.Mark-stillalivethirtydaysafterwardSUGARCULTURESGlucosepeptoneMannitolpeptoneLactoseSucrosepeptoneORGANISMpeptoneResultsAverageResultsAverageforallnumberofforallnumberofAllstrainsAllstrainsstrainsdaysstrainsdays1.Bact.typhi..3to73to54to104to6--2.Bact.pa
4 ratyphiA...3to73to54to84to5--3.Bact.para
ratyphiA...3to73to54to84to5--3.Bact.paratyphiB...3to105to64to105to8--4.Bact.enteritidis.....5to75to77to98--5.Bact.suipestifer.....5to877to98--6.Bact.coli....5to86to75to165to85to183strains,5,8,and10days;4strains,-7.Proteus..6to97_.8.Bact.pyocyaneus....--9.Dysenterya.Shigano.1......310_b.Shigano.2......5---c.Flexnerno.1..610--d.Flexnerno.277--e.Hiss........77--f.Strong..........55--Intheaboveexperimentsweused1or3percentsugar,buttheresultswerealmostthesamewithbothconcentrations.Fromtheresultsoftheseexperimentsweconcludethattherecordingofsugarfermentationreactionaftertheorganismsaredeadisunneceessary.Itisdesiredtoobservetheiractivityonlyduringtheirlife.However,westillnoticedmoreorlessdifferenceintheamountoftheacidoralkali,thisvariationdependingupontheabsorptionofCO2fromtheatmosphere.Forinstance,intheglucoseculturemediumfortheBact.typhiandBact.paratyphigroupthreetofourdayswillbeenoughtotaketherecord,thenthetubesmaybediscarded;forBact. 440O.ISHIIenteritidis,Bact.suipestifer,orBact.dysenteriaegrouptheperioddependsuponthestrains,butaboutfivetosevendayswillbeenough;forBact.colisixtosevendayssuffice;inregardtotheotherbacilliandalsotheothersugarmediareferencecanbemadetotheaccompanyingtable;thenumberofdaysindicatedtostudythereactionofthesugarcultureswiththecolon-typhoidgrouparesufficient.