Language and Thinking Chapter 8 - PowerPoint Presentation

1. Language and ThinkingChapter 8

2. Warm UpWhat is the connection between language and decision-making?

3. Homework: Advertising PosterPretend that you are advertising a productOn a small poster (paper size), show a visual advertisement (could be real or you could make it up) that uses words and pictures to demonstrate the methods, strategies, and decisions that Advertisers make to get people to buy their productResearch different articles to help youRecall what the Guest Speaker had to sayIn 1-2 sentences, explain how these methods, strategies, and decisions made by advertisers impact the psychology of the consumer to get them to buy a product

4. Learning ObjectivesInterpret the connection between language and decision-makingAnalyze different elements of language and reasoningBuild connections to your life

5. Elements of LanguagePhonemes: Basic sounds of a languageMorphemes: Units of meaning in a languageSyntax: The way in which the words are arranged to make phrases and sentences

6. Examples of Elements of LanguageA. Phonemes:-The way I pronounce “coffee”-Difference between the “o” sound in dog and noMorphemes:-Pre= before-Use of “s” at the end of words to emphasize that the word is pluralSyntax-Subject>Verb>Dinner (Linda cooked dinner)

7. Semantics and The Framing EffectSemantics: The relationship between language and the things depicted in the languageExample: “Right” and “Write”The Framing Effect: Refers to the way in which wording affects decision making

8. Check For Understanding-Do you think Semantics makes ideas expressed through language more or less clear?-Have you seen the Framing Effect being used? Where was it used? How did it impact people?-How could language impact someone’s psychology?

9. Thank you for Smokinghttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FkbdbRjMX2YHow is he using Semantics? What role does it play in making his point?How is he using The Framing Effect? What role does it play in making his pointHow is he using language to impact people’s decisions?Do you agree with him? How does he use language to try to persuade you?

10. Bilingual HouseholdsWhat are the Pros and Cons of growing up in a Bilingual or Monolingual Householda. What type of household did you grow up in?b. How has this impacted your understanding of language(s)?c. How has this impacted your ability to learn in school?d. How has this impacted your relationship with the world around you?

11. Article on Bilingualism 1. What are the five common misconceptions about growing up in Bilingual Household that this article mentions?2. Why were immigrant parents originally made to drop their language of origin and adopt English?3. How does the Nature vs. Nurture Controversy play a role in Bilingualism?4. What would Albert Bandura say about what happens when people speak different languages around children5. When is the best time to learn a language and when is it too late?6. In 20 years from now, do you see Bilingualism as being important? Why or why not?

12. Warm UpIdentify three myths about Bilingual Households and explain the truth about the myth

13. Homework: 1-2 Page EssayThink about a critical decision that you have to make in the next couple years: A. What is the process that you have to go through to make this decision? B. Decide what the Pros and Cons are of this decision and what information about the decision do you still need. C. What factors will play a role in you making this decision? D. What Biases/Beliefs will play a role in this decision?MAKE SURE TO INCLUDE CLEAR THESIS STATEMENT, Introduction, Body Paragraphs, and Conclusion

14. Learning ObjectivesInterpret the three Units of ThoughtAnalyze methods and steps to solve problemsBuild Connections to your life

15. Decision Making and JudgementReasoning: The use of information to reach conclusionPremise: Idea or statement that provides basic information that allows us to draw conclusionsDeductive Reasoning: The conclusion is true if the premises are trueInductive Reasoning: We arrive at conclusions through individual cases or particular factsConfirmation Bias: Seeking to prove or confirm a hypothesis rather than disprove itOverconfidence: Only looking at what you want to look at to make a decision

16. Example of Deductive ReasoningSan Francisco is in CaliforniaA lot of Hippies live in San FranciscoTherefore, a lot of Hippies live in CaliforniaWhat are the premises here?What is the conclusion?Is this a good way to come to a conclusion? Why or why not?

17. Example of Inductive Reasoning Spain and Portugal are near each other and have similar languagesSweden, Denmark, and Norway are near each other, and they all have similar languagesTherefore, countries that are near each other have similar languagesWhat are the premises here?What is the conclusion?Is this a good way to come to a conclusion? Why or why not?What is a better way to come to a conclusion? Deductive or Inductive Reasoning? Why do you think this?

18. Check for UnderstandingWhich form of reasoning do you think is better to use when making decisions: Deductive or Inductive Reasoning? Why do you think this?Have you ever seen a Confirmation Bias used before? Why and how was it used?List three examples of Overconfidence in your own life

19. BrainstormingIf I were to ask you to draw Biggie doing something, what kind of mental picture would be in your head? Explain what Biggie looks like in your mental picture in 2-3 sentences

20. ThinkingThinking: The mental activity that is involved in the understanding, processing, and communicating of information-Three units of thoughtSymbols: An object or act that stands for something elseConcepts: Grouping of objects, events, or ideas that have similar characteristicsPrototypes: Example of a concept which best exemplifies the concept

21. Check for UnderstandingHow was Thinking involved in the mental picture that you had of Biggie in the Warm Up?How were you using the Units of Thought to create this mental picture?Which Unit of Thought do you think was most useful in helping you to create this mental picture?What connections can you draw between the different Units of Thought?Identify an example of each Unit of Thought that you have in your life

22. Student Problems: One ParagraphWhat is the connection between thinking and problem solving? In one paragraph, describe a recent problem that you faced and how you went about solving the problem. Then think about other ways in which you could have solved that problem

23. Algorithms and Heuristics Algorithms: Specific Procedure that leads to the solution of a problem when performed correctlyHeuristics: Rules that often, but not always, help us find the solution of a problem

24. Applying the Material: HangmanHow are Heuristics being used to figure out the word?What are other games/ways/times when you use Heuristics to solve problems?What is the difference between Heuristics and Algorithms?

25. Good Will Huntinghttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ta3sClUQmfMhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fNwVdc7Er8sHow are Algorithms being used here? Do Algorithms only apply to Mathematics? Could they apply to other subjects? If so, what examples can you think of?Create an example of an Algorithm for any problem in your life

26. Problem Solving MethodsTrial and Error: Try different things until you find one that works Difference Reduction: Identify the goal, where we are in relation to achieving the goal, and the direction we must go to move closer to itMeans-End Analysis: Certain things we do will have certain resultsWorking Backward: Identify the solution and figure out how to get to the solutionAnalogy: Similarity between two or more items, events, or situations

27. Check For UnderstandingRank the problem solving methods from most important to least important in terms of how helpful they areDid you use any of these steps when you solved the problem that you wrote about? If so, which ones? If not, which ones would have been helpful for you to use?

28. Problem Solving WorksheetAnswer the questions on the Problem Solving Worksheet and be sure to fill out what Problem Solving technique you used to solve this

29. Exit TicketWhat are the three Units of Thought?What is the difference between a Heuristic and an Algorithm?

30. Warm UpIdentify three of the Problem Solving techniques/methods that we discussed last class and give an example of how you have used them in your life

31. Homework: 1-2 Page Writing AssignmentThink about the a critical decision that you have to make in the next couple years: A. What is the process that you have to go through to make this decision? B. Decide what the Pros and Cons are of this decision and what information about the decision do you still need.C. What factors will play a role in you making this decision?D. What Biases/Beliefs will play a role in this decision?MAKE SURE TO INCLUDE CLEAR THESIS STATEMENT, Introduction, Body Paragraphs, and Conclusion

32. Learning ObjectivesInterpret the role of Insight and Incubation Effect in ThinkingAnalyze different Problem Solving methodsBuild connections to your life

33. Insight and Incubation-Brainstorming When have you heard the word “Insight”? What do you think it means?How does Insight connect to Problem Solving?What is an “Incubator”? What do you think an “Incubator Effect” might mean?

34. Insight and IncubationInsight: Sudden UnderstandingIncubation Effect: Arriving at the solution to a problem when we have not been consciously working on the problem

35. Freedom Writershttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jFNJib8MpT0https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AjGIJPE8B8IDo you think this is a better example of the Incubation Effect or Insight?What is being solved or understood here?What problem solving method do you think is most evident in these scenes?

36. Check for UnderstandingWrite down an example of a time in your life when you gained “insight”Write down an example of a time in your life when the “Incubation Effect” happened to you

37. Cooperative Learning: Problem Solving Methods-15 minutesIn Groups of 4-5, you will create some type of presentation to present to the class that demonstrates the use of a Problem Solving Methods to a common problem for teenagersYour group has the choice of creating a skit, writing a song, or making a visual poster to demonstrate the use of your Problem Solving MethodProblem Solving Methods: Algorithms, Heuristics, Trial and Error, Difference Reduction, Means-End Analysis, Working Backward, AnalogiesBe sure to show how people gained Insight or engaged in the Incubation Effect from using the Problem Solving Method that your group had

38. Presentations-Remember Good Public Speaking SkillsEngaging VoiceGood Pacing-Not too fast, Not too slowLook at your audienceBe aware of body postureMake sure you have practiced what you will be sayingStay relaxed

39. Senoi Problem Solving SolutionRead the article about the Senoi people and how they solve problems in their society. Then answer the questions that follow

40. Discussion: Problem-SolvingWhat do you think is the biggest problem in our society that we can solve?How can we solve this problem?What new problem solving solutions can we come up with?

41. Thinking and Problem Solving Review SheetFill out the Review sheet on Thinking, Language, and Problem Solving

42. Exit TicketWhich type of problem solving do you think is most relevant for your life? Why do you think this?

43. Warm UpWhat critical decision did you write about for homework?Identify three things that are going to help you make this decision

44. Looking Ahead Quiz III during Finals Weeks: Thinking, Language, Problem Solving, Intelligence

45. Learning ObjectivesTransition into IntelligenceAnalyze different forms of intelligenceBuild Connections to your life

46. The ABCDEs of Problem SolvingA: Assess the problemB: Brainstorm approaches to the problemC: Choose the approach that seems most likely to workD: Do it- try the most likely approachE: Evaluate the results

47. Applying the ABCDEs to Problem Solving to a national/international problemWhat problem did you write about for homeworkUsing this Problem Solving method, identify a problem that exists in or outside our country, and explain how you would go about solving the problem through each stepMake sure you fully explain how you are applying each step in the ABCDEs to solve the problem

48. Transitioning: IntelligenceWhat does it mean to be “intelligent”?How do you determine someone’s intelligence?Are there different types of intelligence? If so, what are they?

49. Intelligence VocabularyIntelligence: The abilities to learn from experience, to think rationally, and deal effectively with the environmentAchievement: Knowledge and skills gained from experience

50. Check For UnderstandingWhat is the main difference between intelligence and achievement?Do you think Socrates would have agreed with this definition of intelligence? Why do you think this?What problem solving method did Socrates create to become more intelligent?Do you think you could have achievement without intelligence?Do you think you could have intelligence without achievement?

51. 1 Paragraph Writing Assignment1 Paragraph on a goal that you achieved which you are most proud ofExplain the process you went about in achieving this goalIdentify how your intelligence either impacted this achievement or was impacted by this achievementConclude your paragraph with what you seek next to achieve and explain the relationship between intelligence and this achievement

52. Differences in Intelligence: Savants in the MediaSavant: Someone who displays abilities and capacities far beyond what is considered “normal”What examples of Savants can you think of? Do you know any personally?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vqbXPfaN_VMhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kRWtwyRgwag

53. Different Forms of IntelligenceAutism: Disorder characterized by limited social and communication abilitiesAsperger Syndrome: Form of Autism in which people can usually function at higher levels, but still have difficulty socializing and communicating Mental Retardation: Having an IQ score lower than 70, as well as problems with daily functioningGifted: Having an IQ score above 130, as well as possessing outstanding talent and capabilities to achieve at high levels

54. Check for UnderstandingWhat is the difference between Autism and Asperger's Syndrome?What is the difference between someone who is Mentally Retarded and someone who is Gifted?What is the connection between Autism and Savants?Do you have any problems with these definitions?What did Sam have in the move I am Sam?How do you determine if someone has these different forms of intelligence? Do you think this is a good way to determine if someone should be classified under these labels?

55. Warm UpWhat is the difference between someone who is classified as having Mentally Retardation and someone who is Gifted?How do you determine if someone has these different forms of intelligence? Do you think this is a good way to determine if someone should be classified under these labels?

56. Homework: Complete Study GuideComplete Study Guide for Quiz III during Finals Week

57. Learning ObjectivesAnalyze IQ TestingInterpret the difference between reliability and validityContemplate the problems with putting intelligence labels on people

58. Looking AheadQuiz during Finals Week

59. IQ TestsIQ=Intelligence QuotientTo determine IQ: Mental Age/Chronological Age x 100Based on this definition create your own IQ TestWrite down five questions that you think someone of your age should be able to answer correctlyHave five other people take your quizDetermine who has the highest IQ of the people who took your quiz

60. My Example Age 5- Person is able to verbalize what country they live in Age 10- Person can say where in the country they live (states) Age 13- Person is able to label their country on a map Age 15- Person is able to retain a brief understanding of their country’s historyAge 18- Person is able to connect their identity with their nation’s history

61. Check for UnderstandingWhat problems do you see in terms of IQ testing?How do you determine someone’s IQ?

62. Forrest Gump: Mentally Retarded or Gifted???How do you determine if someone is mentally retarded or gifted?https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ADHXahsxIGMhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NoptofKbQ04https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g4OPX5P9DlQDo you agree with Forest’s mother? Should people below a certain IQ level have to go to a “special school”? Why do you think this?How would you classify Forest Gump’s Intelligence level?What do these clips tell you about classifying people’s intelligence?

63. Reliability and ValidityReliability: The consistency of the results of a test- Tests should give similar results every time they are takenValidity: How well the test measures what it is supposed to measure

64. Check for Understanding Are IQ tests reliable? Why or why not?Are IQ tests valid? Why or why not?If there is a test that doesn’t have reliability and validity, what problems would that cause?How could we make tests more reliable and valid?

65. BrainstormingIdentify five factors that could impact the results of an IQ test other than reliability and validity

66. Finish Still Alice/Watch Temple Grandin Fill out the question and answer sheet while you are watching the movies

67. Warm UpIdentify three questions that you have about the content of Quiz III

68. HomeworkComplete Study Guide by writing out all relevant notes and material for each term/concept

69. Learning ObjectivesEnhance studying skillsSynthesize Thinking, Language, and IntelligenceEngage in Visual Learning

70. Kahoot.ItTHIS IS THE ONE TIME THAT YOU WILL BE ALLOWED TO USE YOUR CELL PHONESLogin to Kahoot. ItEnter your namePlug in the Pin Code that I will show youWinner= 10 points extra credit on quiz2nd Place= 7 points extra credit3rd place= 5 points extra credit

71. JeopardyDon’t ComplainListen while other groups are goingObey Class Norms5 CategoriesNo Stealing

72. Temple GrandinFill out the question and answer sheet for the movie

73. Warm UpGet ready to take quiz: Everything off your desk and have your notebooks ready for me to check

74. Learning ObjectivesEnhance quiz-taking skillsSynthesize Thinking, Language, and IntelligenceEngage in Visual Learning

75. Take Quiz

76. Temple GrandinFill out the question and answer sheet while you are watching the movie