Historical background to A-level English Language - PowerPoint Presentation

1. Historical background to A-level English LanguageDick HudsonLAGB @ QMUL September 20191

2. History of the historyThese slides were originally used in a celebration of the life of Randolph Quirk.We should be aware of three significant figures in A-level Eng LangRandolph Quirk (1920-2017) – UCL Michael Halliday (1925-2018) – UCL then SydneyKatharine Perera (1943-2016) – Manchester 2

3. Quirk on education: 1964 “The English Language Problem” in English in Education (published by NATE = National Assn for Teaching English), volume 1It seems to be a matter of common consent that the teaching of English Language in this country is seriously unsatisfactory. But it is one thing to agree on this, and quite another to agree on a remedy or a priority among remedies.Criticism is generally focussed upon the 0 Level Examination in English Language ... Some observers even claim that English teaching and the pupils' use of English alike are actually harmed by the 0 Level examination, and that we would be better off if the mother tongue were not a classroom subject at all. 3

4. A vicious circleOthers seek ways of improving the examination and the teaching that leads to it but are speedily confronted by the most vicious of vicious circles and the acute problem of where the circle is to be broken. The schools say that improvement can come only when there is a supply of teachers (and examiners) who have been trained on the ‘new lines’ ...Departments of Education disclaim responsibility by pointing out ... that they can do little ... with trainees ... with Honours degrees in English which have little or no language component ...University English Departments in turn complain that freshmen come up ... after two or three years in a literature-orientated sixth-form - rather thoroughly predisposed to disfavour language study of any kind. The charge has now ricocheted back to the schools.4

5. Despair sets inIt would be easy to devise a thoroughly modernised 0 Level course and 0 Level examination that would be theoretically desirable in all respects... a new A Level examination which included a compulsory language component; a new Honours degree syllabus that gave a thorough grounding in the application of modern linguistic science to the English Language; ...But such root-and-branch change would be ineffectual while there is a desperate shortage of men and women who could teach such courses - at any of the educational levels here mentioned.... There is little hope, in short, for any radical and rapid breaking of the vicious circle.5

6. And yet ...But the circle is of course being broken. Several universities now offer English Honours students courses that readily link up with the problem of teaching the mother tongue in a new key, and many schools now have teachers who are capable of doing extremely interesting work with fifth and sixth formers which reflects the thinking of English linguists from Henry Sweet onwards.6

7. Towards an A-level in English language... to suggest the form and scope of a possible A Level English Language paper.7

8. Exploring textsList the instances of passive voice in either A or D, discussing what you think may be the effect of selecting the passive as opposed to the active in these instances.Examine the kinds of metaphor you find in A and D, illustrating the distinctions you make; discuss with some linguistic precision the point at which a metaphor is to be regarded as a cliché.List and discuss some colloquial features in C that you would not expect to find in A, and some formal features in A that you would not expect to hear in familiar conversation.8

9. Exploring the systemCarefully explain the difference in grammar between(a) He returned a new man and He returned a new suit.(b) He found his cousin a flat and He found his cousin a bore.(c) A stainless steel cooker and A stainless linen cloth.Why is mathematics regarded as an ‘ideal’ language? Discuss some of the ways in which it seems superior to ordinary English, and some of the ways in which it seems inferior.9

10. And how did the story end?1983: A-level English Language was born (in Manchester).1989-92: LiNC (Language in the National Curriculum) project for CPD on English in preparation for the new NC, with its greater emphasis on KAL.2015: Eng Lang + Eng Lang & Lit = 48,000 entries [see next slide]so there are enough competent teachers for A-level.2013: Grammar is tested in primary schoolsso some primary teachers also know some grammar.2014: GCSE English language could ask about languageBut ...GCSE English language is still ‘seriously unsatisfactory’.More generally, the curriculum contains very little language analysis.University ‘English’ departments still tend to ignore language.English and MFL are still not collaborating.10

11. Trends: ups and downs of language educationFL downEngLang upUKLO started11

12. Consequences for linguistics BAMore monolingual intake.Reduced total language intake.BUT UKLO may help?12