Lymphatic & Immune Systems - PowerPoint Presentation

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Lymphatic & Immune SystemsChapter 6

Pathology, & Treatments

Pathology & Diagnostic Procedures of the Lymphatic system

Lymphadenitis

Lymphadenopathy

Persistent generalized lymphadenopathy

Lymphangiogram

Pathology & Diagnostic Procedures of the Lymphatic system

Lymphangioma

– benign tumor of abnormal lymphatic vessels.

Antiangiogenesis

is a form of

treament

that will cuts off blood supply to the tumor.

LymphedemaPrimary – hereditarySecondary – caused by identifiable factors Splenomegaly?Splenorrhagia?

Allergic reactionsAllergy – aka hypersensitivity, overreaction of the body to a particular antigen

Allergen

is an antigen that is capable of causing an allergic response

Cellular response aka localized or delayed response

Systemic reaction

Antihistamine – works to block allergic reactionsScratch test

Diagnostic test to identify commonly troublesome allergens like tree pollen and ragweed.

Pathology & Diagnostic Procedures of the Immune System

Autoimmune disorder – condition in which the immune system misreads normal antigens and creates antibodies and directs T cells against the body’s own tissues. Many appears to be genetic

.

Immunodeficiency – when one or more parts of the immune system are deficient or missing

Pathology & diagnostic procedures of the Immune System

ImmunodeficiencyCongenital

HIV

AIDS-late stage of the HIV infection

ELISA

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Blood test used to screen for the presence of HIV antibodiesMay produce a false-positive resultWestern blot test

Performed to

confirm the diagnosis after a positive ELISAPathology & diagnostic procedures of the Immune System

Immunotherapy – treatment of disease either by enhancing or repressing the immune responseAntibody therapy

Synthetic immunoglobulins – immune serum. Used as a post exposure preventive measure against certain viruses including rabies and some types of hepatitis

Synthetic interferon – used in the treatment of MS and some CAs

Monoclonal antibodies (Mabs)

Produced in the lab. Used in research, medical tests, and the treatment of some CAs

Treatment Procedures of the Immune System

ImmunosuppresionImmunosuppressant

Drug that prevents or reduces the body’s normal reactions to invasion by disease or by foreign tissues. Used to prevent the rejection of donor tissue or to depress autoimmune disorders

Corticosteroid

Cytotoxic drug

Antineoplastic

Treatment Procedures of the Immune System

Antibiotics- useless on viruses

Bactericide – kills the bacteria,

Bacteriostatic – inhibits, or slows down, the growth of bacteria

antivirals

Medications to Control Infection

Terms related to tumorsNeoplasmsAngiogenesis

Benign – not recurring, favorable chance of recovery

For example – a

myoma

Malignant

Carcinoma in situ (CIS) describes a malignant tumor in its original position that has not yet disturbed or invaded the surrounding tissues.

Invasive malignance

Metastasize?Metastasis?Oncology

Staging – process of classifying tumors with respect to how far the disease has progressed, the potential for its responding to therapy, and the patient’s prognosisBreast cancer

Several types

Is possible in males

Oncology

Carcinomas – malignant tumor that occurs in epithelial tissue Adenocarcinoma - any one of a large group of carcinomas derived from glandular tissue

Sarcomas – malignant tumor of connective tissues

Hard-tissue

Soft-tissue

Kaposi’s is an

opportunistic infection frequently associated with HIV.Lymphomas – malignancies that develop in the lymphatic tissueHodgkin’s

Non-Hodgkin’sBlastomas

Oncology

SurgeryChemoRadiationBrachytherapy – the use of radioactive material in contact with, or implanted into, the tissues to be treated

Teletherapy – radiation therapy administered at a distance from the body. With three-dimensional computer imaging, it is possible to aim doses more precisely

Treatments