Proton Beam Intensity Upgrades - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Proton Beam Intensity Upgrades for the Neutrino Program at Fermilab

Chandra BhatFermilabAcknowledgementsW. Pellico, C. Drennan, K. Triplett, S. Chaurize, K. Seiya, F. Garcia, B. Hendricks, T. Sullivan and A. Waller “ICHEP2016, Chicago, August 3-10, 2016”

ICHEP2016, Chandra Bhat

8/4/2016

1

Slide2

Fermilab, US Premier Particle Physics Laboratory

8/4/2016ICHEP2016, Chandra Bhat2Aerial view of FermilabSite

MicroBooNE

NuMI

:

MINOS+

MINERvA

NOvA

Muon:

g-2

Mu2e

MIPP

Test Beam

SeaQuest

M-Center

LBNF

Tevatron Ring

Recycler

&

Main Injector

Booster

Booster:

0.4-8 GeV Accelerator

LINAC

Accumulator/

(Muon-ring)

Main Injector:

8 -120 GeV Accelerator

Recycler

Slide3

Upgrade Path for Power on Target

8/4/20163Present Inj. point at L1 Future Inj. point at L11

PIP-II

PIP

Parameter

PIP

Completed

PIP-II

Injection Energy (KE) (GeV)

0.4

0.8

Extraction

Energy

KE (GeV)

8

8

Injection Intensity (p/pulse)

4.52E12

6.63E12

Extraction

Intensity (p/pulse)

4.3E12

6.44E12

Efficiency (%)

95

97

Booster repetition rate

15 Hz 20 Hz Booster Beam Power at Exit (kW)94184

Laslett

Tune shift

at Injection

- 0.072

 -

0.105

Longitudinal energy spread <

6 MeV

< 6 MeV

Transverse emittances (

p-mm-mrad)

<

14

18 Booster uptime> 85%> 85% Booster flux capability (protons/hr)~ 2.3E17 ~ 3.5E17 Booster Batches for MI 12 per1.33 sec12 per 1.2 sec

Booster Batches for Other HEP Expts.

5

8

NOvA

beam power

700 kW

1200 kW

Completion Date

2018

2025

ICHEP2016, Chandra Bhat

Booster

As of June 23 with

&

EIS

in Operation we have reached

701 kW

2016

Can we increase beam power on the neutrino target between now and the start of PIP-II?

M.

Convery

(04/08/2016)

S. Mishra

(04/08/2016)

The Booster will remain as the workhorse in the

Fermilab Accelerator Complex

at least for next two decades

Slide4

Yes! There is an innovative way to Increase

the Beam Power on the NuMI & BNB Targets between now and the PIP-II Era! 8/4/20164ICHEP2016, Chandra BhatFermilab Booster, World’s 2nd Oldest Rapid Cycling

Synchrotron, Operating

since 1971

Slide5

5

~60

s-200



s

debunching

<30



s

injection

Begin Inj.

Capture & Acceleration

using

37-52 MHz RF system in



360



s

LINAC

Beam

Booster

Booster

Synchrotron

8/4/2016

ICHEP2016, Chandra Bhat

Beam

Injection and Capture in

the Booster for the past 45 years

Slide6

Observations and Concerns

Large emittance growths for the first 1 ms at injection.Longitudinal   factor of two emittance growth, Transverse   factor of two emittance growth, Bmin (Bmax) time & Amplitude jitterBeam loss



Intensity dependent Transition Crossing

M

ore beam loss

and More emittance dilution

Since 2004, we demand

dP

/P

(full)@Exit



0.15%

for efficient beam slip-stacking in

the Main Injector (2004-2012)the Recycler (2014- )8/4/2016ICHEP2016, Chandra Bhat6All of the above issues limited us to go up in beam intensity in the Booster.

Slide7

Schematic

of the 78/4/2016ICHEP2016, Chandra Bhat

40-

50sinjection

capture

for >250

s (no

debunching

)

20

0

s

Begin Inj.

Beam

Acceleration using

37-52 MHz RF system

Change

in

Es

~0.55 MeV

1/15Hz



0.0666 s

Impose Beam Capture

in

Stationary rf Buckets (

=0

)

Start

End

 

C. M. Bhat, IPAC2015/HB2016

Early

Injection in the Boosterwith a

pseudo front-porch

P

seudo front-porch in the Booster

Slide8

Beam Injection & Capture

Needs a good understanding of Properties of the beam from the LINAC Beam Energy Spread, E (full) H and V Transverse Emittances Booster Acceptance at Injection Momentum Acceptance Transverse AcceptanceSource of the Jitter in Bmin (Bmax)8/4/2016ICHEP2016, Chandra Bhat8



5.4 MeV

0.4

MeV

(C. Bhat, 2016)

H: 50 -mm-

mr

, V:

30 -

mm-

mr

K.

Seiya

(private Communications

2016)



= 1.25 MeV, i.e., L 0.033 eVs/37MHz bunch,

J. Nelson et. al, HB2016

 H

 V

: < 7 -mm-mr

(Ming-Jen Yang, 2016)

Slide9

8/4/2016ICHEP2016, Chandra Bhat

9Line-Charge Dist.

E Dist.

E-t Phase space (7.3E12ppc)

2

-2

0

Azimuthal Angle(

deg

)

30

-30

0

E

(MeV)

ESME Simulations of EIS

from Beam Injection to Extraction

Since late 2015 the EIS is in operation.

Made many progress and seen many benefits.

Simulations suggest that one can achieve

dP/P(full)@Exit = 0.07%

Slide10

Current Best Acceleration Efficiencies and Vrf

with EIS8/4/2016ICHEP2016, Chandra Bhat10

5.5E12 ppc

( 93%) 5.2E12

ppc (

96%)

4.6E12

ppc

(



98%)

4.0E12

ppc

(

 99%)

3.3E12 ppc (

 99%)

Vrf

Slide11

Emittance Measurements

8/4/2016ICHEP2016, Chandra Bhat11

5.4E12ppc

5.2E12ppBc

@Extraction

WCM Data (Arb. Units)

5.4E12ppBc

@Injection

5.5E12ppBc

@Extraction

Time (

nsec

)

WCM Data

Time Span 1ms

Snap Bunch Rotation

Bunch Tomography in RR



E

2.8 MeV



T

2.75ns



L

(4)0.097eVs

Vrf

Vrf

(input Curve)

Beam loss pattern

Slide12

Issues and Mitigation

There are a number of issues that are being addressed to exploit the EIS fully. Recently we have addressed some of themThe time jitter in the Bmin relative to the beam injection clock event is ~40sec. This jitter is random and arises from ComEd power line frequency.  Introduces emittance dilution @Inj. The transition crossing phase jump used to be w.r.t. clock event. So jitter as large as ~40 sec.  This causes emittance growth and beam loss.

A better RF voltage regulation is needed at injection.

The RF frequency does not follow the Booster

dipole magnetic field ramp.

Bunch

rotation at

extraction for reduced

dP

/P

8/4/2016

ICHEP2016, Chandra Bhat

12

Addressing these Issues

a

lso Important to the success of

PIP-II

Slide13

PIP and PIP-II parameters

8/4/2016ICHEP2016, Chandra Bhat13ParameterPIPPIP-II (After 2022)

Injection Energy (KE) (GeV)

0.4

0.8

Extraction

Energy

KE (GeV)

8

8

Injection Intensity (p/pulse)

4.52E12

6.63E12

Extraction

Intensity (p/pulse)

4.3E12

6.44E12

Repetition

Rate

15 Hz20

Hz Efficiency (%)

95 97 Booster repetition rate (Hz)

15

20

Booster Beam Power at Extraction

94 kW

184 kW

MI batches 12 every 1.33 sec12 every 1.2 sec NOvA b

eam power

700 kW

1.200MW

Rate availability

for other users (Hz)

5

8

Booster flux capability (protons/hr)

~ 2.3E17

~ 3.5E17

Potential of Early Injection Scheme

(X~1.4)

(~6.1E12)

(15 Hz)( 97)(~130 kW)(~1MW)(3.25E17)with EIS

Slide14

Backup Slides8/4/2016

ICHEP2016, Chandra Bhat14

Slide15

Beam Efficiency in the Booster

over the past  two decades 8/4/2016ICHEP2016, Chandra Bhat1519982006

66%

88%

3.2E12ppc@Exit

Average beam delivery rate ~2/sec

Usual Suspect were

Space Charge Effects

at

Injection

&

Transition Crossing.

4.5E12ppc@Exit

Average beam delivery rate ~6/sec

2016

95%

93%

5

.5E12ppc@Exit

99%

2.8E12ppc@Exit

Now with a

New Injection and Bunching Scheme

(EIS)

&

with many Hardware and

Operational Improvements 4.6E12ppc@ExitAverage beam delivery rate ~14/sec

Slide16

Tgraze

E at Injection on Multi-turn Beam8/4/2016ICHEP2016, Chandra Bhat

16

Principle of Measurement

(schematic of WCM data)

At Notch formation

After some Revolutions

High and Low meet

Some more Revolutions later

Beam before

a Notch

A1

A2

A1

A2

A1

A2

A1’

A2’

A=A1+A2

A=A1+A2

A=A1+A2

A>A1’+A2’

Wnotch

=

Width of the Notch

Tgraze

=

Time for grazing touch

WCM data

Notch at

formation

<E>(full) = 1.250.20 MeV

 

L

Inj

 0.04 eVs/Bunch

Wnotch

MOPL020

Slide17

8/4/2016ICHEP2016, Chandra Bhat

17Planned Proton Delivery Scenario for the Booster during PIP-era(approximate)7.5 Hz15 Hz

NuMI

/NOvA

BNB

g-2

SY120

~PIP End

Preparing for PIP II (Booster at 20Hz)

From Bill

Pellico

Expected protons from Booster

Mu2e

Proton Improvement Plan (PIP)

Summer shutdown

We are here

PPH

Protons/Hour, (x10

17

)

New Inj. Scheme in Operation

15Hz Operation

Slide18

History of Proton

Source Flux8/4/2016ICHEP2016, Chandra Bhat18New Inj. Scheme in Operation

Slide19

Goal 700kW

8/4/2016ICHEP2016, Chandra Bhat19

Booster Performance

Efficiency

with 3-bunch Notch

1.9E17 protons/Hour

Integrated 7.6E20

Design

Base

Design

Base

On June 13, 2016

Demonstrated

701kW

on the

NOvA

Target

New Inj. Scheme in Operation

New Inj. Scheme in Operation

Slide20

ORBUMP

Booster Beam

LINAC Beam

8/4/2016

ICHEP2016, Chandra Bhat

20

Slide21

Ming-jen Yang, 20160222

8/4/2016ICHEP2016, Chandra Bhat21

Slide22

Transverse Emittance using IPM

8/4/2016ICHEP2016, Chandra Bhat22Fractional emittance growth is consistent with zero1BT~0.37E12p/Booster Cycle

 

 

( )

V

 

( )

H

Slide23

Beam Power on

MuMI Traget8/4/2016ICHEP2016, Chandra Bhat23

Slide24

Laslett SC tune shift8/4/2016

24ICHEP2016, Chandra Bhat