March 31 2016 John Chapman 17741845 John Chapman Johnny Appleseed and the Americanization of apples Adam and Eve Albrecht Durer 1507 History s most famous apple eaters ID: 1007242
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1. As American as…PBIO 006March 31, 2016
2. John Chapman 1774-1845John Chapman (“Johnny Appleseed”) and theAmericanization of apples
3. Adam and EveAlbrecht Durer 1507History’s most famous appleeaters …mali: mālum (evil) or malus (apple)?
4. Does an Apple a Day Keep the Doctor Away? A medium-sized apple, unpeeled, supplies:159 mg potassium7.9 mg vitamin C9.6 mg calcium3.9 mcg folic acidtrace amounts of B vitamins, iron, magnesium, and zincand contains only 81 calories!
5. Truly American fruits:the cranberry and the blueberry
6. Cranberry and blueberry are both members of the heath family,EricaceaeMembers of the heath family thrive in bogs and acid soils.Blueberry barrens in autumn, Washington Co., Maine
7. cranberry
8. The name cranberry comes from the early Dutch and German settlers,who nicknamed it “craneberry” after the shape of the blossoms.
9. Native Americansmixed crushedcranberries with dried, shredded strips of deer meat and fatto produce pemmican,a high-energy journeyfood.
10. Legend has it that the Pilgrims, having learned of their used from the Wampanoag, served cranberries at the first Thanksgiving
11. American whaling ships carried cranberries, rich in vitamin C, to prevent scurvy
12. dry harvestwet harvestCranberry bogThe Cranberry Harvest
13. Blueberries
14. blueberry
15. Blueberries are rich in antioxidants:Research shows that blueberries are # 1 in antioxidant capacity per serving, compared with more than 20 other fruits, including cranberries, strawberries, plums, and raspberries. Antioxidants are associated with reducing the risk of many chronic diseases.Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2004, 52: 4026-4037
16. Vaccinium angustifoliumVaccinium corymbosumCommercially important blueberriesblossom, l.s.
17.
18. Green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris; Fabaceae) was domesticated in Mesoamericaby 7000 ybpGreen Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris)Fabaceae
19. Fabaceae,Vegetative FeaturesLeaves alternate, compound, with stipulesSome are twining vinesRoot nodules
20. Fabaceae,Reproductive FeaturesFlowers with a banner, wings, and a keelAndroecium of 9 fused stamens and one free stamenPistil simpleFruit a legume
21. Economic ImportanceThe third largest family of flowering plantsSource of peas, beans, alfalfa, clover, etc.Source of indigo dye (leaves from Indigofera tinctoria, or true indigo)Symbiosis with bacteria fixes atmospheric nitrogen
22. Rhizobium bacteriadwelling in the root nodules fix atmosphericnitrogen and make it available to the plants
23. Biogeochemical processes cycle nutrients and water in ecosystemsGlobal cycles - (gaseous elements)NitrogenCarbonOxygenSulfurLocal cycles - (heavy elements)PhosphorousPotassiumCalciumBiogeochemical cycle - any of the various chemical cycles, which involve both biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components of ecosystems.
24. DecomposersN2 in atmosphereNitrificationNitrifyingbacteriaNitrifyingbacteriaDenitrifyingbacteriaAssimilationNH3NH4NO2NO3+––AmmonificationNitrogen-fixingsoil bacteriaNitrogen-fixingbacteriaThe nitrogen cycle
25. Lecture Review: As American as …Trace the history of the apple, from the mountains of central Asia to the American frontier.Explain apple flower and fruit structure. What kind of fruit is an apple? Explain why.Name two fruits that are native to northeastern North America. Discuss their uses, both historically and in the present time.What is a legume? Why are they so nutritious?Describe the nitrogen cycle and the role of bacteria in driving the cycle. What plant family forms a symbiosis with these nitrogen-fixing bacteria?