All matter is made up of atoms - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

All matter is made up of atoms

Slide2

Atoms have two parts

Slide3

Atomic structure

Nucleus Electron cloud

Slide4

The nucleus is made up of two atomic sub particles.

Slide5

The nucleus is made up of two atomic sub particles.

Nucleus

a positively (+)

charged

P

roton

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+

+

+

Slide6

The nucleus is made up of two atomic sub particles.

Nucleus

a positively (+) a particle with NO

charged charge (0) called a

Proton Neutron.

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0

0

0

0

Slide7

The

electron cloud

is made up of

one atomic sub particle.

Slide8

The

electron cloud

is made up of

one atomic sub particle.

a negatively (-) charged Electron

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+

+

+

0

0

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Slide9

This is a Bohr model of the Beryllium atom.

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0

Slide10

This atom has a charge that is in equilibrium. 4 positive charges balance out the

4

negatively charged electrons.

The neutrons carry NO charge and therefor have no effect on the charge of the atom

.

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0

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Slide11

Atoms lose their protons or neutrons but it is extremely difficult and time consuming. They can lose their electrons very easily.

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Slide12

If this Beryllium atom losses an electron it would become positively charged.

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0

0

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Because there are more positively charged

protons than negative charges.

0

Slide13

If this Beryllium atom loses an electron it would become positively charged.

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+

0

0

0

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Because there are more positively charged

protons than negative charges.

It is no longer

called an atom.

It is called an

ion.

Specifically

a

cation

.

Slide14

If this Beryllium atom gains an electron it would become negatively charged.

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+

0

0

0

0

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Because there are more negatively charged

protons than positively charged protons.

It is no longer

called an atom.

It is called an

ion.

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Specifically an anion.

Slide15

Using the periodic table to create a Bohr Model of an atom.

The periods (rows)

Indicate the number of

Orbitals (energy shells or

e

lectron shells)

t

hat make up the

electron

cloud.

Slide16

Using the periodic table to create a Bohr Model of an atom.

Columns (called groups or families) indicate the number of electrons

t

hat can be found in the outermost energy shell

called the valence

Shell.

Slide17

How many energy shells does Potassium (K) have?

.

Slide18

How many valence electrons (electrons in the outer shell) does Potassium (K) have?

.

Slide19

Each square of the periodic table gives particular information about the atoms of an element. Txt. P. 19

The atomic number tells you

How many protons and

Electrons the element has.

The Chemical symbol of

The element.

The atomic mass made

up of protons and

Neutrons.

Subtracting the atomic number from the mass, will give us the number of neutrons in the element

Slide20

Electron configuration rules

1. The innermost shell, due to its radius, can only hold 2 electrons.

2. The next shell can hold 8 electrons.

3. The third shell can hold up to 18 electrons.

4. The 4

th

shell can hold up to 32 electrons.

Slide21

With these rules in mind create a Bohr model of Al.

.

Slide22

Al is in the 3

rd

period and 13

th

group.

As a result, we know that AL has __

electron shells and___electrons in its valence shell. Its atomic number is_____a

nd so

has___protons

and___ electrons.

Its atomic mass is___ and so it has _____

n

eutrons.

Slide23

Slide24

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3

rd

period= 3 energy shells

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13

th

family= 3 valence electrons

Slide25

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Rule 1: there are 2 electrons

In the inner shell.

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Slide26

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Atomic number is 13. So it

Has 13 electrons all together.

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So how many electrons will there be in

the shell that we haven’t filled yet?

Slide27

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Slide28

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13P

14N

13P

13.982N