DRNSANKAR COUGH Defensive mechanism to clear lower air passages Deeper the inspiration more effective the cough Glottis close soft palate raised all accessory muscles in addition to ordinary are tensed for forced expiration ID: 367813
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Slide1
COUGH & EXPECTORATION
DR.N.SANKARSlide2
COUGH
Defensive mechanism to clear lower air passages.
Deeper the inspiration- more effective the cough
Glottis close, soft palate raised, all accessory muscles in addition to ordinary are tensed for forced expiration.
Then glottis relaxed & contents are expelled from the mouthSlide3
CLASSIFICATION OF COUGH
DUE TO
1. INFECTIONS
2. MECHANICAL IRRITATION
3. REFLEX CONDITIONSSlide4
INFECTIONS
COMMON COLD- SHORT COUGH, DRY AT FIRST AND LATER PAROXYSMAL
PHARYNGITIS-PERSISTENT, GENERALLY DRY
LARYNGITIS- NOISY, HUSKY, STRIDULOUS
TRACHEITIS- INTENSELY IRRITATING, PAROXYSMAL; + WHEEZING
BRONCHITIS- PRODUCTIVE, FREE OR PAROXYSMALSlide5
PNEUMONIA- 1
ST
DAY- DRY, THEN RUSTY SPUTUM, THEN FROTHY
TUBERCULOSIS- FREQ, SHORT, SHARP DRY –EARLY; LATER ON- COPIOUS PURULENT
PLEURISY- SOLITARY, DRY HACKING COUGH SUPPRESSED AS MUCH AS POSSIBLE TO AVOID PAIN.
BRONCHIECTASIS- CONSTANT WITH COPIOUS OFFENSIVE PURULENT MORE ON MORN OR CHANGE OF PLACESlide6
LUNG ABCESS- LOOSE COUGH, OFFENSIVE BLOOD STAINED; AFFECTED BY CHANGE OF POSTURE
PERTUSSIS- LONG DRAWN SRIDULOUS INSPIRATION
SERIES OF SHORT, SHARP, EXPIRATORY COUGH WITH VOMITING OFTEN; FACE CONGESTEDSlide7
MECHANICAL IRRITATION
ENLARGED UVULA-
SINUSITIS
SMOKING
PRESSING UPON TRACHEA
ENLARGED HEARTSlide8
REFLEX CONDITIONS
IRRITATION OF PERIPHERAL NERVES
ENLARGED LIVER AND DIAPHRAGMATIC DISORDERS
NERVOUSNESS- SINGLE SHORT DRY AND EXPLOSIVE
HYSTERIA- LOUD BARKING WITH APHONIASlide9
SUDDEN COUGH- TRACHEITIS, BRONCHITIS, BRONCHOPNEUMONIA
COUGH WITH PAIN- PNEUMONIA, PLEURISY,
COUGH ON LYING DOWN- ENLARGED UVULA, ENLARGED HEART
COUGH WITH VOMITING- WHOOPING COUGH
DRY COUGH- PHTHISIS, LARYNGITIS, NEUROSIS
LOOSE COUGH- BRONCHITIS, BRONCHIECTASIS, PTHISIS
SUDDEN PAROXYSM IN A CHILD- FOREIGN BODY, IF WITH FEVER---- LARYNGEAL DIPTHERIA
SHORT AND SUPPRESSED- DRY PLEURISYSlide10
IRRITABLE- EARLY PTHISIS, PHARYNGITIS
PAROXYSMAL- ASTHMA, BRONCHITIS, PERTUSSIS
EXPLOSIVE- NEUROSIS, LARYNGITIS
BRASSY- ANEURYSM, MEDIASTINAL GROWTH
BOVINE- PROLONGED WITH WHEEZING- RL.N INVOLVEMENT
BARKING- HYSTERIA
HACKING- PHTHISIS, LARYNGITIS, PHARYNGITIS
STRIDOR- PERSISTENT THYMUS, LARYNGEAL DIPHTHERIASlide11
EXPECTORATIONSlide12
LOOK FOR
QUANTITY
QUALITY & COLOUR
CONSISTENCY
ODOUR
MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATIONSlide13
QUANTITY(24 HRS)
MODERATE(2 OUNCES)- ACUTE BRONCHITIS
LITTLE LARGER AMOUNT- CHRONIC BRONCHITIS, RESOLVING PNEUMONIA, B.CA
LARGER QUANTITY(OVER 10 OUNCES)- LUNG ABSESS, EMPYEMA, BRONCHIECTASIS
FROTHY- ACUTE PULMONARY CONGESTION
SUDDEN SEVERAL OUNCES-LUNG ABSCESS, SUBPHRENIC ABSCESS, EMPYEMA
SUDDEN CLEAR WATERY SALT TASTING- HYDATID CYSTSlide14
QUALITY & COLOUR
MUCOID
SEROUS
FIBRINOUS
FROTHY
PURULENT
MUCOPURULENT
BLOOD STAINED
BLACK
RUSTY
RED CURRANT JELLY
ANCHOVY SAUCE PUS
GREENISHSlide15
CONSISTENCY
METHOD ---
LOOK FOR FOLLOWING:
BRONCHIAL CASTS
DITTRICH’S PLUGS
CURSCHMANN’S SPIRALS
LUNG STONES
LAYER FORMATIONSlide16
ODOUR
OFFENSIVESlide17
MICROSCOPIC EXAMINATION
CELLULAR STRUCTURES
PUS CELLS
EPITHELIUM(HEART FAILURE CELLS)
RED CELLS
EOSONOPHIL CELLS
ELASTIC FIBRES
DESTRUCTION OF LUNG TISSUE- ABSCESS, PTHISIS, GANGRENESlide18
ORGANISMS
PARASITES(HYDATID CYST, LUNG FLUKE, ECHINICOCCI)
TB BACILLI
COCCI AND BACILLI
CURSCHMANN’S SPIRALS
ASTHMA
CHARCOT LEYDEN CRYSTALS
ASTHMA
NEOPLASTIC CELLS- CA
ASBESTOSIS- GOLDEN YELLOW DUMBELLSSlide19
Bibliography
How to examine a patient; a guide for student of medicine
menino
de
souzaSlide20
THANK YOU