Terms Succession A directional change in a community of organisms over time Primary Succession Succession occurring in an area where no living creatures are currently present Pioneer Community First organisms to colonise bare ground ID: 1026816
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1. Succession
2. Starter Key TermsSuccessionA directional change in a community of organisms over timePrimary SuccessionSuccession occurring in an area where no living creatures are currently presentPioneer CommunityFirst organisms to colonise bare groundClimax CommunityFinal community in a successionDeflected successionHappens when succession is stopped or interfered with e.g. grazing or mowing
3. Learning outcomesthe process of primary succession in the development of an ecosystem To include succession from pioneer species to a climax communityANDdeflected succession.
4. Succession of bare rock or barren landSuccession happens when an area is first colonised. What might happen to cause this?A retreating glacier depositing rockWind or sea piling sand into dunesVolcanoes erupting and depositing lavaLand subsiding and creating lakes or pondsSilt and mud being deposited at river estuaries
5. Algae and lichens begin to live on bare rockErosion of rock and build up of dead organic material produces enough soil for mosses and ferns to growLarger plants succeed these smaller plants until a final, stable community is reached….the climax communitySuccession
6. Pioneer SpeciesThe first stage of succession involves pioneer species colonising an inhospitable environmentPioneer species have features that suit them to colonisation
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8. TaskIn pairs, come up with a list of features that pioneer species may have, which would help them to colonise inhospitable environments
9. Features of Pioneer SpeciesProduction of a lot of wind-dispersed seeds to easily reach isolated areasRapid germination of seedsThe ability to photosynthesiseThe ability to fix nitrogen from the atmosphereTolerance to extreme conditions
10. Climax CommunityThe organisms that make up the final stage of ecological successionA balanced equilibriumIn the UK, this is deciduous woodland
11. Animal SuccessionAnimal species present depend on the plant species found in the areaFor example, mosses and grasses provide food and habitats for insects and worms. These can then support secondary consumers.
12. Common features in any successionThe non-living environment becomes less hostileA greater number and variety of habitatsIncreased biodiversityMore complex food websIncreased biomass
13. Succession on sand dunesUsing the textbook p280 describe the succession of sand dunes
14. Secondary successionSuccession does not always have to start from bare ground.Secondary succession occurs on previously disturbed or damaged habitat e.g after a fireThe area will then undergo succession to return to a stable, climax communityThis type of succession doesn’t begin with a pioneer species
15. Preventing and deflecting successionHuman activities can prevent normal climax community from developing – PlagioclimaxEg Dorset heath land nature reserveDeflected succession is when succession is prevented by human activity but the plagioclimax is different to any of the natural stages of the ecosystemEg mowed or grazed grassland
16. Task Complete the exam questions