Small Animal Care and Management - PowerPoint Presentation

1. Small Animal Care and Management

2. DomesticationDefinition:Bringing animals under the control of humansGreat Event in human history: Why???Domestication brought with it the beginnings of a more settled way of life

3. The Effects of DomesticationCaptive animals helped ensure a steady food supplyNo longer had to roam great distances for foodAnimals captured and confined until needed for foodOthers were not domesticated until they accepted food from humans

4. What Domestication Lead toEventually, bred in captivityOffspring became more docileBreeds eventually developed as humans selected for desirable traits

5. Where we are going tomorrow???Basic AnatomyDogCat

6. Anatomy and physiologyDigestionThe process of breaking down food materials into their various nutrient formsThen it can be absorbed into the animal’s bloodstream

7. Anatomy and physiology2 types:Ruminant Forage-consumingMulti-stomachedNon-ruminantSingle-stomachedMonogastric

8. Anatomy and physiologyNon-ruminant AnimalsFood passes from the mouth to stomach through the esophagusMoved through the esophagus with involuntary contractions

9. Anatomy and PhysiologyStomachFunction is to break down food material by:Muscular movementSecreted digestive juicesSmall IntestineFood passes from stomach to small intestinePrimary site for digestion and absorption

10. Anatomy and physiologyLarge IntestineUndigested food moves to large intestine from smallPrimary function is to absorb water from undigested material

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13. Anatomy and Physiol0gySkeletal SystemProvides structure and supportBones vary is sizes and shape

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16. What’s next???Nutrition and Feeding

17. NutritionDefinition:Animals receiving a proper and balanced food and water rationSo they can grow, maintain, reproduce, and supply or produceWork, eggs, milk, meat, offspring, fur or pelt

18. NutritionNutrientRefers to a single food or group of foods of the same general chemical compositionSupports animal life

19. Nutrition6 Basic Nutrient Groups:WaterProteinCarbohydratesFatsVitaminsMinerals

20. NutritionWaterIs in every cell of the animalNecessary for:Respiration, digestionTransporting other nutrientsMaintain body temperatureGive body its formCarries away wasteMOST important nutrient

21. NutritionProteinNecessary for:Development and repairProducing milk and eggsDeveloping the babyDeveloping antibodiesDNABroken down into amino acidsCats- need the amino acid- taurine added to their dietWithout, lead to blindness and/or heart failure

22. NutritionCarbohydratesNecessary for the following:Breathing, digestion, and exerciseProducing body heatStoring fat

23. NutritionFatsNecessary for:Providing energyAiding in the absorption of vitaminsProviding fatty acids- essential in the diet

24. NutritionVitaminsDo not build body tissuesNecessary for:Regulation of digestion and absorptionDeveloping normal vision and bonesRegulating body glandsForming new cellsFighting diseaseDeveloping the nervous system

25. NutritionMineralsEssential to life’s processes7 macromineralsCalcium- bones and teethPhosphorous- bones and teethPotassium- regular heartbeat and digestionSodium- nerve impulses, body fluidsSulfur- respiratoryChlorine- bodily fluidsMagnesium- enzyme systems

26. Where to Next??Pet Housing

27. Pet HousingHow Much Space Do I Have for a Pet?Questions to consider:Large breed or small breedActive or quiet breedWhat type of hair coatWhat is the purposeWhat price

28. Pet housingPhysical EnvironmentWhere one livesApartment vs. OutdoorsWill depend on the activity level of the petCan you take the pet for a walk/run everyday?

29. Pet housingTypes:CagesHutchesModular HabitatsPlaypens and enclosuresHouse

30. Pet HousingCage

31. Pet housingHutch

32. Pet HousingModular Habitat

33. Pet housingPlaypen and Enclosure

34. Pet housing

35. Pet housingCase Study:Jodi is living in a one bedroom apartment in Minot, ND by herself. She is working 2 jobs and has very little time for much besides eating and sleeping. She is quite lonely and had decided to get a pet. Luckily, her apartment allows pets. She has been allergic to cats since she was little. She had a St. Bernard when she was little so she wants to get another big dog. She looks at the ads and finds that a German Sheppard is up for adoption not far from her place. She falls in love with the puppy immediately and takes it home as her pet.Is this a practical choice for a pet? What are some other pet options that may be better?

36. What’s coming next???Breeds!!!!

37. Dog BreedsGroups:Sporting GroupHound GroupTerrier GroupWorking Dog GroupToy Dog GroupNonsporting Dog Group

38. Sporting GroupLabrador Retriever:Strongly builtVery ActiveActive Water dogRetrieving waterfowlShort, thick hairExcellent sense of smellSmartFriendly/Good-natured

39. Sporting GroupThe PointerExcellent Hunting capabilitiesOutstanding temperamentRustic looking

40. Sporting groupEnglish Springer Spaniel• Gun dog -Flushing and retrieving game• Affectionate, excitable •12-14 years• Balanced body with gentle expression• Eager to please• Quick learners and willing to obey

41. The sporting groupThe American Cocker SpanielSmallest of the sporting groupProficiency in hunting woodcockCheerful, hardyElegant appearanceExcellent companion dogLover of home and family

42. The hound GroupThe BeagleOne of the oldest breedsKnown as a “rabbit hound”Hunts in packs or singlyCheerfulFriendlyLively

43. The hound groupThe BloodhoundOne of the most docile breedsHigh sense of smellFollow a scent several hours oldUsed to track criminals, lost people, buried workersAffectionateGreat with children

44. The hound groupThe Basset HoundExcellent sense of smellUsed for trailing rabbits, deer, raccoon, fox and other gameShort legged, heavier boned than any other dogGentle, affectionate, devotedGood with childrenCapable of great endurance and determination

45. The terrier groupThe Bull TerrierNoted for great strengthAgileWill readily protectGuardian of livestock, mouse/rat hunter, companion dog, guard dog, watchdogExceedingly friendly

46. The terrier groupThe Fox TerrierOne of the best known and widely distributed purebred dogDeveloped to hunt den animalsNoted for its courageVery trainable

47. Working dog groupGreat Dane:Used for hunting wild boar and bearService as a battle dog, hunting dog, cart dog, watchdog, and bodyguardDependableSpiritedCouragous

48. Working dog groupAlaskan MalamuteOne of the oldest Arctic sled dogsClean, odorlessLoyal, intelligent, affectionateNeeds lots of exercise and mental stimulationCan be loud and rowdy

49. Working Dog groupSt. Bernard:Excellent pathfindersExcellent sense of smellObedientPeaceful/quietExtremely gentle and loyal

50. Working DogGreat PyreneesExcellent sense of smell and sightGreat size and strengthUnbeatable guard dogsDocile, Faithful, loving, affectionateUsed as guard dog,Guide and pack dog in ski areaRescue dogMessenger during war

51. herding Dog GroupThe CorgiUsed to herd cattlePast speed for such short legsAgile/BalanceIntelligentAlert/livelyAffectionateEasily trained

52. Herding dog groupThe HeelerAustralian Cattle DogCourageous, tirelessLonger than it is tallPuppies are born whiteWide set earsIntelligentNeeds a lot of exercise

53. The herding group Australian Shepherd•American-born breed --developed to herd livestock for ranchers and farmers in the western US• By nature, loyal to their families and standoffish with strangers• Intelligent• Very active, require a lot of exercise• 12 – 15 years• Deafness in later age

54. Herding Dog groupGerman ShepherdCourageousObedientLoyalOriginally for sheepherdingUsed in times of war to carry messagesRescue dog, police dog, guard dog, guide dog

55. The herding groupBorder CollieSheepherdingDevoted family dogKind, sensitive, intelligentProtective of owner and familyVery versatile

56. The toy dog groupChihuahuaSmallest breedCompanion dogEnergeticProud LoyalIntelligent

57. The toy dog groupThe Pug:Compact bodyWell-developed musculatureMassive headDeep-wrinkledLovingIntelligentEasily trained

58. Toy DogShih Tzu• Chrysanthemum dog• Chinese ancestry•11-16 pounds• Long silky hair• Known for not shedding• Stubbornness when training• Excellent watch dog becauseof alert and active nature

59. Nonsporting dogsDalmatianUse as a carriage or coach dogNoted for intelligence and adaptability

60. Nonsporting DogsBulldog:Used for the sport of bull baitingOver history, used as a war dog, guard dog, policedogGood-naturedDignifiedRoyal/AristocraticLoyalClean

61. Cat BreedsGroups:Short-Haired BreedsLong-Haired BreedsMiscellaneous Breeds

62. Short Haired BreedsAmerican ShorthairClassic tabby pattern most commonExtremely affectionateGreat lap catEasily disciplined and trainedMedium-large sizeHeavy built/well muscled

63. Short-haired breedsThe ChartreuxLarge/robust catGray-blue coatEyes are gold-copperWarm/friendlyHighly tolerantEasy to train; quiet breedClean, nonaggressive

64. Short-haired breedsThe ManxLeans toward one-on-one relationshipsAlert, intelligentHealth, powerfulDistinctive complete lack of a tailMedium sizedSolid compact cat

65. Short-haired breedsThe SiameseOne-on-one catExtraordinarily intelligent, talkative, loyal, obstinateUnpredictableMedium-sizedLong, refined elegant tapering of linesDarker pigmented at points

66. Short-haired breedsThe Snowshoe BreedPeople-orientedFollow owners everywhereExcellent house petsMedium-largeSolid body, well-muscledWhite tipped paws, white chest, chin and muzzleEyes a bright blue

67. Long-haired breedThe BirmanVery sociable catSweet- natured, charmingIntelligent Medium-large sizeSturdy, stocky catEyes are roundCoat is long and silkyHair requires little care

68. Long-haired breedThe Maine CoonLoveable and friendlyEnjoys companionshipTiny voice that squeaks and chirpsLarge sized catFur on tail is especially longOldest natural breed in North America

69. Long-haired breedsThe Persian BreedMedium-large in sizeShort, compact bodyLarge head with small ears that are round tippedShort noseWell-manneredEasy-going, quietExcellent companion

70. The long-haired breedThe RagdollLimp and floppy postureDocile, quiet, and composedVery intelligentEnjoys retrievingLarge and heavyHead is moderately wedgedLarge oval blue eyes

71. Long-haired breedNorwegian Forest CatExceedingly alert and intelligentResponsive and loving to its ownerMust have companionshipMedium-largeModerately long, powerful appearanceTail long and flowing

72. Miscellaneous breedsSiberianSemi-long hairedCoat is soft and plushConsidered intelligent, playful, and affectionateVery agileCan leap great distances and heightsPowerfully built

73. MeatNew Zealand• Most common meat breed• 9-12 pounds• Many signature dishes around the US

74. MeatCalifornian• White fur with black spots• 8-12 pounds• Cross of Chincilla and New Zealand Whites• Blocky structure

75. MeatAmerican Chinchilla• Stocky body • Meat may weigh up to 9 pounds• Preferred for roasting and barbeque

76. FiberAngora•Originated in Turkey• long, soft wool• Popular with French royalty• 11 microns in diameter --finer and softer than cashmere• Calm and docile• Grooming is necessary to prevent from matting and

77. WoolJersey Wooly• New Jersey• Cross of the Netherland Dwarf and French Angora• Small bodied (3 lbs)• Easy-care wool• Docile temperament

78. OtherDutch• Hollander• Easily identifiable by its characteristics• No bigger than 5.5 lbs• Easy-going --easy to train and friendly --great domestic pet

79. OtherNetherland Dwarf• One of the most popular breeds• Originated in the Netherlands• Show rabbit• Exhibition animals• Very small (3.5 pounds)

80. Other Lop• Developed in England• Oldest breeds• 11 pounds• Wide range of color patterns• “Dogs of the rabbit world”

81. OtherRex• Plush, velvet-like fur• 7.5-10.5 pounds• Broader head & smaller feet• Slender bodies

82. OtherPolish• Dwarf breed• Show rabbit• Originated in England• Many colors• Shorter ears

83. What’s happening tomorrow?Proper Pet Care

84. Dog Care PracticesTypes of FoodDrySemi-moistCanned

85. Dog Care PracticesTypes of Dog Food Dry Foods- 10% moistureCorn, Soybean meal, meat, bone mealNutrient Composition23% protein9% fat6% fiber

86. Dog Care PracticesTypes of Dog FoodSemi-Moist- 30% moistureCorn, meat by-products, soybean meal, corn syrupNutrient Composition25% protein9% fat4% fiber

87. Dog care practicesTypes of Dog FoodCanned- 75% moistureRation-type: Barley, meat by-products, wheat grain, soy flourMeat type: meat by-products, meat, poultry, soy flourNutrient CompositionRation type:30% protein, 16% fat, 8% fiberMeat type:44% protein, 32% fat, 4% fiber

88. Feeding DogsRationsPregnant and Lactating FemalesAmount increases as her weight increases35-50% more food than beforeShould be fed three to four evenly spaced mealsAfter birth:2-3 times as much food3-4 meals per day

89. Dog Care practicesGeneral CareWeaningBegins at 3 weeks of ageCan be done graduallyShould be completed at 6 weeks of ageFeeding PuppiesSpecial puppy formulasHigh in protein

90. Dog care practicesGeneral CareFeeding Older DogsMetabolism slows= need for calories decreasesShould receive smaller meals- easier to digestSeveral times a day

91. Dog care practices

92. Dog care practicesExerciseAmount of exercise varies according to:Size of animalAgeBreedWhat the dog is being used forEven small apartment dogs should be allowed some freedom to move around and exercise

93. Dog care practicesExerciseGuidelinesDo not exercise within 2 hours of large mealPhysical examinationCondition dog before strenuous exerciseWatch for signs of fatiuge

94. Cat Care practicesFeedingCats are true carnivoresRequire almost twice as much protein in diet as dogsDiet30-40% of diet should be animal-type proteinsAbout 10% fatDo not feed cats Dog Food

95. Cat care practicesExerciseVaries depending on breed and where its home isIndoor cats should be furnished with toys, cardboard tubes, or other play equipment to provide exercise

96. Cat care practicesGeneral Cat CareClean litter boxScratching postCats scratch to sharpen claws and remove loose scales Hair careCats fur usually sheds in spring and fallLong-haired cats should receive daily care

97. Tomorrow’s Agenda….Choosing Your Pet

98. Choosing the Pet for youKeep in mind all that we have talked about so far!!!NutritionAnatomy/PhysiologyBreedsHousingGeneral Care

99. Moving on….Training Your Pet

100. Training your dogHow do you determine the type and amount?Depends on what the dog is going to be used forAll dogs should learn 5 basic commands:HeelSitDownStayCome

101. Training your dogWhen should training begin?As soon as the puppy arrives homeShould learn its nameBasic corrective “no” commandPraise words, “good boy/girl”Must learn what types of behaviors are acceptable and not

102. Training your dogHouse- Breaking or House-TrainingTake the puppy outside several times a dayOr shortly after eatingPraise the puppy when it eliminates and bring it back inIf an accident occurs, scold the puppy and take the puppy outside

103. Training your dogHouse-Breaking or House-TrainingPaper trainingLaying newspaper layers on the floorConfine the puppy to the newspaper until it relieves itselfArea made smaller as puppy progresses

104. Training your dogObedience trainingShould be held once or twice a dayBe short in the beginning and gradually increaseBasic CommandsHeel- follows beside the handlerSit- may have to push on dogs rump at firstStay- hold hand out in front of you with a stop signalLie- help dog first time to ease downCome- eagerly obeyed

105. Training your dogMore Specialized trainings available:HuntingPolice dogGuide dogSearch dog

106. Training your catToilet TrainingEasier than with dogsCats naturally cover their feces and urineIf a cat does not know what a litter box is:Hold its front paws and show it how to scratch in the litter materialEvery time it looks like it will defecate, place the cat in the litter box

107. Training your catOther training possibilities:SitBegJump through hoopsOther tricks