Chapter 1 Let Us Revise HISTORY OF COMPUTING The computers you use at home today has years of history behind it Before digital computers were invented people used various machines to perform ID: 1028917
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1. Class visubject – ComputerChapter - 1Let Us Revise
2. HISTORY OF COMPUTINGThe computers you use at home today has years of history behind it. Before digital computers were invented, people used various machines to perform mathematical operations. These machines and their inventors contributed to the evolution of Computing devices. Over the years, computers became faster and more accurate which lead to the creation of the modern computers you use today.
3. Abacus: Abacus is a counting device that was invented by the Chinese in 3000 BC. Basic mathematical operations like addition and subtraction could be performed on the Abacus.Pascal Adding Machine: A manual calculator Pascaline invented by French mathematician Blaise Pascal in the year 1642. It is also said to be the first calculator of the world.
4. Leibniz Calculator: Gottfried Leibniz a German mathematician modified the Pascal calculator in 1673. He developed a machine called Leibniz Calculator.
5. Charles Babbage (Father of Computers): Charles Babbage was an English Mathematician. He invented the Difference Engine in 1822. It was the first automatic mechanical engine. In 1833, Charles Babbage introduced the Analytical Engine. He is known as the Father of Computers for his inventions.
6. ENIAC: ENIAC stands for Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer. It was the first electronic computer used for general purposes, such as solving numerical problems. UNIVAC 1: UNIVAC 1 stands for Universal Automatic Computer. It commercial computer produced in the United States.
7. FIVE GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS
8. Assignment:Answer the following questions:a.) Write about Pascal Adding machine and Leibniz calculator.b.) Write about Charles Babbage.c.)Write difference between 1st generation and 4th generation computer.B. ENIAC stands for _______________C. UNIVAC stands for ____________
9. TYPES OF COMPUTERDifferent types and sizes of computers are offering different services. The four basic types of computers are as under:MicrocomputerMini ComputerMainframe ComputerSupercomputer
10. MicrocomputerDesktop computers, laptops, tablets and smart phones are all types of microcomputers.The micro-computers are widely used and the fastest growing computers.Mini ComputerMinicomputers are used by small businesses and firms.These computers are not designed for a single user. Minicomputers may contain one or more processors, support multiprocessing and tasking.
11. Mainframe Computer:Although Mainframes are not as powerful as supercomputers.They are quite expensive and many large firms & government organizations uses Mainframes to run their business operations.Super Computer:The most powerful computers in terms of performance and data processing are the Supercomputers. These computers are used for research and exploration purposes for space exploration purpose.
12. Assignment:Answer the following questions:a.) Write about Supercomputer and Microcomputer.b.) Where we use mainframe computer?c.) Where we use MiniComputer?
13. INTRODUCTION TO SOFTWARESoftware is a set of instructions or programs that tells a computer how to perform a specific task. It refers to the non-tangible components of computers, known as computer programs.
14. TYPES OF SOFTWARESoftware can be classified into two main types- System software and Application Software.System SoftwareSystem Software is a type of computer program that is designed to run a computers hardware and application programs. System Software handles the functioning of all the components of the computer. System Software is of three types:Operating System Utility Programs Language Processors
15. Application SoftwareA Software which is developed to help the computer user in performing specific task is called an Application Software. It can be referred as application. Even a non-technical person can easily understand and use application software. Application software can be mainly classified into two types:General Purpose Application SoftwareCustomised Software
16. Assignment:Answer the following questions:a.) What is system software? Write different types of system software. b.) What is Application software? Write different types of application software.
17. INTRODUCTION TO WINDOWSWindows is an operating system developed by software company Microsoft. Operating System is the interface between various hardware devices. It also acts as the interface between computer and user.WINDOWS EXPLORERIn Windows 7, Use Windows Explorer to view your libraries, files and folders. You can access the Windows Explorer by clicking the Start menu and then click on computer or other folders such as Documents, Pictures or music.
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19. GADGETS AND CUSTOMIZING DESKTOPDesktop gadget is small application designed for the help of user in multiple ways. It is same as apps in the mobile phones. There are many gadgets available in the Windows 7 operating system.MS WORD- FORMAT PAINTERFormat Painter is a feature in Microsoft Word that applies same formatting from one part of the document to another. It helps to specify a similar font size, style, font type, colour, borders etc. The following steps are given to use format painter.
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21. MS POWERPOINT 2007Presentation is an activity of presenting your views and ideas to other. It can be defined as an idea or concept expressed systematically through picture, graphics, text and other media tools. MS PowerPoint 2007 is presentation software developed by Microsoft corporation. It helps to create attractive presentations using various tools like texts, pictures. smart charts, graphics, animations and soundText ObjectIf you insert two content layout, you will get three placeholders- one for the slide's title and two for the content. You will see a group of six icons on the slide. You can click on any of the icons to insert the related object.
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23. MICROSOFT EXCELIt is a spreadsheet program that allows you to store, organize, and analyze data and information in tabular format. Excel helps the user in complex calculations and also provides various views of data such as table, graphs and charts. Microsoft Excel is a part of Microsoft Office package developed by Microsoft Corporation.
24. Assignment:Answer the following questions:a.) What is the use of Windows Explorer?b.) Write the use of Format Painter in MS-Word?c.) What is presentation?d.) Write the use of MS-Excel?
25. ALGORITHMAn Algorithm is a detailed series of instructions for carrying out an operation or solving a problem. It is a step by step method of solving a problem. It is commonly used for data processing, calculation and other related computer and mathematical operations. An algorithm is also used to manipulate data in various ways, such as inserting a new data item, searching for a particular item or sorting an item.
26. FLOWCHARTSFlowchart is a diagrammatic representation of sequence of logical steps of a program. Like algorithms use English language to show step-by-step procedures, flowcharts use Simple geometric shapes to depict processes and data flow. Flowcharts use special shapes to represent different types of actions or steps in a process. Lines and arrows show the sequence of the steps and the relationships among them.
27. COMMON INTERNET TERMINOLOGIESInternetThe Internet is a worldwide connection of computers that allows them to communicate with each other. This includes millions and millions of computers Connected to each other around the globe.WWWWWW stands for World Wide Web. It is also known as the web and is the biggest service available on the internet. It consists of web sites and web pages. These web pages make up informative websites, email websites, blogs, social media and other websites.
28. WebsiteA Collection of web pages is called websites. Websites are created for specific purposes. Some popular websites are Google.com, YouTube.com, MSN.com, Wikipedia.org etc.Web BrowserA Web Browser is a software that allows you to access websites on the internet. Some web browsers are Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome etc.
29. HyperlinkThe highlighted text or graphics on a page, when clicked, leads you to different pages for additional information are called hyperlinks.URLURL stands for Uniform Resource Locator. It specifies the address on the World Wide Web.EmailE-Mail stands for Electronic mail. It is a message sent from one computer to another over a network. Messages sent via E-Mail are very fast and free of cost. You need an E-Mail address to send and receive e-mails. Some E-mail Services are Gmail, Yahoo mail, Outlook, Hotmail etc.
30. Assignment:Answer the following questions:a.) Write about Algorithm.b.) Write about Flowchart.B. Define:-a.) WWWb.) URLc.) Web browserd.) E-mail