Chapter 17 Section 1 Focus Question - PowerPoint Presentation

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Chapter 17

Section 1

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Focus Question

What was the geological Event that added to the Great Depression during the 1930’s?

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From Peace to War

Japan becomes aggressive post WWI

Attack China

Makes U.S., Britain, and France mad

Italy

Invades Ethiopia

League of nations attacks Italy's actions

Germany

Hitler begins building a massive army in 1936

Hitler is angry at the Treaty of Versailles

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Keeping the Peace

Keeping the Peace

West Appeased Germany

West believed in pacifism

Neutrality acts

Not selling to war nations or loaning to war nations

Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis

Axis Powers

Germany, Italy, and Japan

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Spain Collapses Into Civil War

Francisco Franco led a bloody revolution

Nationalist- Fascist

Hitler and Mussolini supported Franco

Loyalists- Communist, and Socialist

USSR backed the loyalists

U.S, Britain, and France were neutral

Germany Experimented with new weapons

Franco is ruthless

Killing 750,000 Civilians

1939 Franco takes over Spain

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German Aggression Continues

Hitler thought Germany was a superior nation

Austria

Hitler wanted to unite the 2 nations (Anschluss)

Austria didn’t want to unite

Germany and Austria go to war

Hitler takes over Austria

Czechoslovakia

3 million Germans lived in Czechoslovakia

Czechoslovakia was a democratic nation

Hitler didn’t want Germans in a democratic nation

Wants to take over the region

Takes the region in 1939

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War in Europe

Nazi Soviet pact-1939

Hitler and Stalin make a pact not to mess with one another

Done based on respect and needs not on friendship

Last 2 years (operation Barbosa)

Hitler Invades Poland

9/1/1939 Hitler invades Poland

9/3/1939 France and Britain declare war on Germany

U.S. remains neutral until Pearl Harbor

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Section2

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Focus Question

What was the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis Alliance?

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Daily Questions

What three countries made up the Axis Powers?

Why did Germany and the USSR agree not to fight one another?

Who was the man trying to take over Spain?

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The Axis Advance

Beginning in 1939 Hitler wants the whole world to know he is in charge

Begins trying to take over Europe

1939 Hitler starts Blitzkrieg “lightning war”

Luftwaffe were the German air force

Firebombed cities

Hitler encourages Italy to declare war on France

France was helping the British

France is still weak after WWI

France surrenders to Italy on June 22, 1940

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The Blitz

Operation Sea Lion

August 1940 Germany Bombed England

Firebombing

Known as the London Blitz

268 days long

71 days and nights of sporadic firebombing

57 straight days

Germany does not take over Britain

30,000 killed

200,000 injured

60% building destroyed

The U.S. provides support and aid to Britain

Ticks off Hitler

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Hitler and Stalin

Hitler becomes aggravated with Stalin

Hitler wants the USSR

Gold, oil, land

Nullifies the peace agreement

Attacks USSR

Surprise attack on the USSR

2.5 million soviets are killed

Hitler thinks he has the war won

Winter hits

-40 degrees

Thousands of Germans are killed

Stalin pushed Hitler out of the USSR

Britain and France backs the USSR

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Hitler's New Occupation

Concentration Camps

Execution camps

Labor camps

Mass genocide

Systematic killing of a particular race or group

Starvation, diseases, overworked

Holocaust is the worst genocide in history

12-18 million people are killed

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Focus Question

What was operation Sea Lion?

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FDR and Churchill

FDR looked for ways around the Neutrality actsBritain needed aid Lend lease actLoan to sell war materials to any country whose defense the president deems vital to defend the U.S.FDR was supplying Britain with the majority of their materialsFDR and Churchill would meet in secret places

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Japan and The United States

When WWII broke out in 1939 Japan saw opportunity to take over the pacific

Began to try to take over the pacific islands

U.S. banned the sell of all materials to Japan

Japan saw this as a threat

The war that broke out between the U.S. and Japan was a culmination of tensions between the two countries

Began in 1915 with the invasion of China

Worsened by WWI

Reached their boiling point in 1939

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Japans long plan

The Japanese practiced and prepared carefully for their attack on Pearl Harbor.

Practice maps

2 years of precision practice

Operation Al

Left port on November 26, 1941

6 aircraft carriers, 9 destroyers, 2 battleships, 2 heavy cruisers, 1light cruiser, 23 submarines, 414 planes, 8 tankers

Turned off all radio equipment going across the pacific

Zigzagged across the pacific so as to not be spotted by cargo ships.

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Japan and the U.S. face Off

Attack

Pearl HarborDecember 7, 1941“ A day that will live in infamy”7:45 Sunday Morning Attack on Battleship RowDecember 11, 1941 U.S. declares war

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U.S

2 battleships totally lost

2 battleships sunk and recovered3 battleships damaged1 battleship grounded2 other ships sunk3 cruisers damaged3 destroyers damaged3 other ships damaged188 aircraft destroyed159 aircraft damaged2,403 killed1,178 wounded

Japan

4 midget submarines sunk

1 midget submarine grounded

29 aircraft destroyed

64 killed

1

captured

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Section 3

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Focus Question

Why was the U.S. so caught off guard during the attack on Pearl Harbor?

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Daily Questions

What date did pearl harbor occur?

Why was Japan mad at the U.S?

How many people were killed during pearl harbor?

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All Out War

Allies committed to total war

All resources devoted to the war effort

Rations were put into effect

Food, gas, resources were rationed

Government Increased Power

Factories only made war goods

Factories were converted to make supplies

War bonds were sold

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All Out War

WWII brings the U.S. out of the depression

Everyone was holding at least one

job

Men and women were making a pay check

Censorship was put into effect

All radio, TV, newspapers, and propaganda were censored

U.S. devotes Billions of dollars to the war effort

Men are ready to go to war

U.S. is now totally involved in all war fronts

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Women

Were key to WWIIMillions of jobs were left vacantWomen picked up the slackRosie the RiveterWorked in factories and on shipsTook care of the home Women served in the war and on the war frontNurses, ambulance drivers, mailwomen

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Battle in the Pacific

Japanese

Navy

Was trying to take over islands in the pacific such as the Philippines

Wanted more territory

Battle of Coral

Sea (May 4-8, 1942)

Japan vs. U.S

5 day naval battle

Sank Japanese air craft carriers

Killed over 1,000 sailors

Midway

Battle (June 4-7, 1942)

Japan vs. U.S

Ships never saw one another

U.S. destroyed over half of Japans

Navy

250 planes were destroyed

Killed over 3,500

Japan was now fearful of the Allied

powers

The U.S. had pushed the Japanese back into Japan where they were unable to launch another attack

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Allies Forge Ahead

1942-1943 Turing point in WWIIAllied powers won Victories on 4 Fronts, pushing back the Axis powersPacific, Northern Africa, Italy, RussiaWas fighting in multiple theaters (parts of the war)Pacific and European were the main two Wanted to keep the Japanese out of the Pacific

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Focus Question

What was the two main theaters of WWII?

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The Big Three

Roosevelt, Churchill, StalinWanted to finish the war in Europe before they finished the war in AsiaStalin Feared the U.S. and Britain was going against himChurchill and Roosevelt didn’t trust StalinAllies in Italy1943 Italy defeatedMussolini signed an Armistice Africa Dwight D. Eisenhower defeated the troops from AfricaGermans defeatedHitler was in RussiaWanted StalingradHitler Surrenders 1943

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D-Day

Operation Overlord was the Battle of Normandy (series of attacks)

Allies Push Toward Germany

D-Day

Operation Neptune

101

st

Airborne

June 6, 1944-August 30, 1944

Invasion of German occupied France

156,000 troops stormed the beach of Normandy

Germany Retreats and France is freed

General Patton led the American troops

Infantry men were divided by race

Gave African Americans more respect after World War II ended

Germans retreated on August 25, 1944

Gave Allied powers a boost of Moral

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Allies Advance

Allies Advance toward Germany

Battle of the

Bulge

(16

December 1944 – 25 January

1945)

German attack on the Allied powers

Germany becomes weak

125,000 killed

Weakens the Allied Forces

95,000 killed

Allied powers push the Germans back

One of the bloodiest battles of WWII

Yalta Conference

1945

Big three attend

USSR agreed to enter the war against Japan

Germany would be divided into 4 zones

America, French, British, and Soviets would all gain a piece

Russia would take control of Japanese lands

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Leaders losing favor

Mussolini

Began to lose favor in 1943

People were growing distrusting of him

Was dismissed from his post in 1943

People wanted to return to old “Italian ways”

Mussolini is Captured in 1945

Tried as an enemy

Executed on April 28, 1945

Hitler

By 1943 Hitler had already survived 2 assassination attempts

The people of Germany were growing distrusting

Germany was losing the war

Commits suicide April 30,1945

Along with his longtime girlfriend

Body was cremated by the Nazi and then taken by the Russians

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Section 4

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Focus Question

What was D-Day?

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Internment Camps

U.S. feared all Japanese Americans FDR order the Relocation of Japanese Americans to the campsExecutive Order 9066U.S. placed all Japanese Americans in Internment CampsGenerations of people who had lived in the United States their whole livesWere American CitizensLost their home and businesses1942-1944127,000 Japanese Americans Interned1988 the U.S. government gave each surviving person $20,000 compensation

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Allied Victory

V-E Day (May 8, 1945)Why the Allies crushed the Axis PowersUnited States military powerUnderestimated RussiaLocation (2 Front)U.S. productionDouglas McArthur Controls the NavyBegins island hoppingAvoiding the Japanese KamikazeDevises a plan to get rid of Japans Army and Navy

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Atomic Weapons

1945 FDR diesHarry Truman becomes President Orders the Manhattan Project Robert OppenheimerAlamogordo New Mexico (1945)Built 3 bombsAugust 6, 1945Hiroshima70,000 KilledAugust 8, 1945 USSR declares war on JapanAugust 9, 1945Nagasaki40,000 killed August 10, 1945 Japan surrenders V-J Day

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Fat man

Nagasaki

Little Boy

Hiroshima

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Section 5

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Focus Question

What is V-E day, and V-J day?

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The Wars Aftermath

50 million people are killed during WWII

½ civilians

Allies faced many decisions post WWII

How to deal with the defeated

Nuremburg Trials

200 Germans and Austrians tried and convicted of crimes against humanity

Allies want to spread Democracy

Get rid of Communism and Fascism

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Post WWII

United Nations

April 1945 50 Nations Gather

Established a UN Charter

Each Nation has 1 vote

5 permanent members

U.S., France, Britain, Russia, China

Alliances Break Apart

US and USSR emerge as world leaders

Differences between allies

Cold War Begins

Opposing Ideologies

Communism vs. Democracy

Stalin creates the Red Army

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New Conflicts

Truman Doctrine

March 12, 1947

U.S responsibility to support those resisting communism

Resist expansion

Marshall Plan

U.S. funded food and economic assistance to European nations

Spent $13 billion on Rebuilding Europe

U.S. offered the Soviet Union help but Stalin refused

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POST WWII

Germany

Divided into pieces

East Berlin and West Berlin

Berlin Airlift

U.S. supported a communist piece of Germany

14 months of support

Opposing Alliances

1949 NATO formed

1955 Warsaw Pact

Propaganda War

Was the form of war used the most during the cold war

Cold war was a series of proxy wars

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Focus Question

What was the Warsaw pact?