Todays Essential Question What was the importance of the purchase and exploration of the Louisiana Territory Vocabulary surplus more than what is needed or used nomadic moving from place to place without a permanent home ID: 752458
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Slide1
Lesson 10.2
: The Louisiana Purchase and Exploration
Today’s Essential Question: What was the importance of the
purchase
and exploration of
the Louisiana
Territory?Slide2
Vocabulary surplus – more than what is needed or usednomadic – moving from place to place, without a permanent home
expedition – a journey of explorationheadwaters – where a river beginsSlide3
Check for UnderstandingWhat is today’s essential question?
What do some people do with their surplus clothing?What are some people or animals that might be described as nomadic?
What is an expedition that you would like to be part of?
Which direction would you go to find any river’s headwaters?Slide4
What We Already Know
Thomas Jefferson wanted America to remain a nation of small towns and independent farmers.Slide5
What We Already Know
Even before the war for independence, Americans were eager to move west into new lands.Slide6
What We Already Know
For years, Western farmers had depended on access to the port at New Orleans to get their surplus produce to eastern markets.Slide7
As Americans moved west, they entered three distinct geographic regions.Slide8
Trans-AppalachiaWooded; rolling hills and flatlandsWell-watered
Humid summers, cold wintersSettlers by the thousands moving in, displacing the Native AmericansSlide9
The Great PlainsFlat, rolling plains
Rocky MountainsGreat Basin (desert)Treeless; few riversHot, dry summers; bitterly cold winters
France and Spain
Nomadic Plains Indians (horse culture)
Non-migratory Indians in the SouthwestSlide10
The Pacific CoastMild weather; rainy in the Northwest, dry in the SouthwestSierra Mountains, Cascades, Coast Ranges, Central Valley
Many natural harborsSpain, Russia, Britain, the United States in competitionMany Indian groups of various culturesSlide11
The West in 1800
In the 1800s, thousands of settlers moved westward across the Appalachian Mountains.
Kentucky and Tennessee had become states by 1800.Slide12
The West in 1800
France and Spain were negotiating for ownership of the Louisiana Territory – the vast region between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains. Slide13
The West in 1800Along the Pacific coast, Spain, Russia, Great Britain, and the United States were establishing settlements.Slide14
The West in 1800
As the number of westerners grew, so did their political power.
An important issue for many settlers was the use of the Mississippi River and the port of New Orleans.
Westerners used the river and port to send their goods to east coast markets
.Slide15
Check for Understanding
Be sure to re-state the question in your response!
A ask B: What city was most important for many westerners in the early 1800s?Slide16
Get your whiteboards and markers ready!Slide17
6. Why was New Orleans important to Americans?
It was surrounded by mountain ranges that made it easy to defend in times of war.
It was a port city for farmers and merchants living in the Ohio Valley.
It guarded the entrance to the Mississippi River.
It was the banking and manufacturing center of the nation.Slide18
Napoleon and New Orleans
After losing the French and Indian War in 1763, France turned Louisiana over to Spain.
In 1800, Spain secretly agreed to return the Louisiana Territory, including New Orleans, to France.Slide19
Napoleon and New Orleans
Just before turning the colony over to France, Spain closed New Orleans to U.S. ships, in violation of the Pinckney treaty.
Angry Westerners called for war against Spain and France.
To avoid war, Jefferson offered to buy the port of New Orleans from France for $2 million.
France offered to sell the entire Louisiana Territory to the United States for $15 million.Slide20
Napoleon and New OrleansNapoleon had several reasons for selling the land.
The first reason had to do with a profitable French colony in the Caribbean called Santo Domingo.Slide21
Napoleon and New Orleans
All the land on Santo Domingo was used for growing sugar, so food had to be grown elsewhere.
Napoleon planned to use land in the Louisiana Territory for farms to feed the slaves in Santo Domingo.Slide22
Napoleon and New OrleansIn 1801, a slave named Toussaint L’Ouverture led a violent slave uprising against the French colonists.Slide23
Napoleon and New Orleans
Though Napoleon sent in French troops, they were unable to put down the revolt.
Without a profitable slave colony to feed, Louisiana was of no use to Napoleon.Slide24
Check for Understanding
Be sure to re-state the question in your response!
B ask A: Who was Toussaint L’Ouverture?Slide25
Napoleon and New Orleans
Napoleon also was involved in a costly war with Britain.
He decided he needed money more than he needed Louisiana.Slide26
Napoleon and New Orleans
Napoleon also feared he might lose New Orleans to the aggressive Americans.
It would be better to sell it than have it be over-run by American settlers.Slide27
Check for Understanding
Be sure to re-state the question in your response!
A ask B:
Why was Napoleon willing to sell Louisiana to the United States?Slide28
Jefferson and Louisiana
New Orleans as an outlet for shipping the products of Western farmers
More land for farming, which was consistent with his vision for America’s future
Access to the Pacific and trade with AsiaSlide29
The Louisiana Purchase
Jefferson’s dilemma: strict construction of the Constitution or the greatest land deal of all time.
On April 30, 1803, the Louisiana Purchase treaty was approved by the Senate, giving the United States the port of New Orleans and doubling the size of the country.Slide30
Get your whiteboards and markers ready!Slide31
7. Why did Jefferson question his right to buy the Louisiana Territory?
Three other nations had legal claims to the region.
The Constitution said nothing about a president's right to buy land.
He had been elected but had not yet taken the oath of office.
To do so would put the nation in debt.Slide32
Lewis and Clark Explore
After purchasing the Louisiana Territory from France, Jefferson planned an expedition to explore it.
He chose Captain Meriwether Lewis to lead the expedition.
Lewis chose his old friend Lieutenant William Clark to put together a volunteer force for the trip.
Clark was skilled as a mapmaker and outdoorsman.
The expedition called itself the Corps of Discovery.Slide33
Lewis and Clark ExploreLewis and Clark spent several weeks gathering a group of volunteers.They stayed in the town of St. Louis throughout the winter.
In May 1804, the explorers left St. Louis and headed up the Missouri River.Slide34
Lewis and Clark ExploreClark was accompanied by York, his African-American slave.
York’s hunting skills won him many admirers among the Native Americans met by the explorers. The first black man that many Indians had ever seen, York became something of a celebrity among them.Slide35
Up the Missouri River
In May 1804, the explorers left St. Louis and headed up the Missouri River.
Jefferson
had given
their mission three goals:
1. use
the Missouri and Columbia Rivers to find a water route across the country;
2. establish
good relations with Native Americans along the way;
3. and
write scientific accounts of the landscapes, plants, and animals they saw.Slide36
Get your whiteboards and markers ready!Slide37
8. What were the three goals of the Corps of Discovery?
Find a water route to the Pacific Coast using the Missouri and Columbia Rivers.
Establish friendly relations with the Indians.
Scout out locations for future American military bases.
Gather geographic and scientific information.
Defeat and drive out any hostile Indians that might threaten future settlers.
Be sure to choose three!Slide38
Up the Missouri River
By winter, the explorers had reached North Dakota, and stayed with the Mandan Indians.
In the spring of 1805, the expedition set out again accompanied by Sacagawea, a Shoshone Indian woman.
Her language skills and knowledge of geography helped Lewis and Clark.Slide39
On to the Pacific Ocean
As the explorers traveled toward the Rocky Mountains, Sacagawea pointed out Shoshone lands.
When they finally made contact with the chief, he recognized Sacagawea as his sister.
With the help of the Shoshone, the Corps of Discovery crossed the Rocky Mountains. Slide40
Get your whiteboards and markers ready!Slide41
9. How did Sacagawea help Lewis and Clark?
She served as their guide, because she knew a safe route to the Pacific Coast.
She had great knowledge of the local geography and of several language skills.
She helped them escape execution at the hands of a warlike Indian group known as the Mandans.
She helped them find a way back to the Missouri River on their journey home.Slide42
On to the Pacific Ocean
After leaving the Shoshone, the Corps of Discovery then journeyed to the Columbia River, which led them to the Pacific Ocean in 1805.
They spent a long, rain-soaked winter
there before
starting back to St. Louis the next spring.Slide43
On to the Pacific Ocean
In 1806, the explorers returned to the East.
They brought back valuable scientific and geographic information.Slide44
Check for Understanding
Be sure to re-state the question in your response!
B ask A: What information did the Lewis and Clark expedition bring back?
The Lewis and Clark expedition brought back a wealth of scientific and geographic information.Slide45
Pike’s Expedition
In 1806, Zebulon Pike left St. Louis to explore southern areas of Louisiana.
Pike’s mission was to find the headwaters of the Arkansas and Red Rivers near Spanish territory.
Pike’s party followed the Arkansas River toward the Rocky Mountains, then turned south. Slide46
Pike’s Expedition
Hoping to run into the Red River, they instead ran into the Rio Grande, in Spanish territory.
They were arrested by Spanish troops and held prisoner until 1807.
They returned with important descriptions of the Great Plains and the valley of the Rio Grande
.Slide47
Check for Understanding
Be sure to re-state the question in your response!
A ask B: Who was Zebulon Pike?
Zebulon Pike was an Army officer who led an expedition into the southern part of the Louisiana Territory.Slide48
Check for Understanding
Be sure to re-state the question in your response!
B ask A: What information did Pike’s expedition bring back?
Pike’s expedition
brought back
important descriptions of the Great Plains and the valley of the Rio Grande.