Chris Gist LCI Mac Lafferty LCI Cyclists fare best when they act and are treated as drivers of vehicles Saddle Seat Post 3 Seat stay 4 Brake 5 Rear derailleur 6 Chain stay ID: 251453
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Slide1
Traffic Skills 101
Chris Gist, LCI Mac Lafferty, LCISlide2
Cyclists fare best when they act and are treated as drivers of vehicles.Slide3
Saddle
Seat Post
3. Seat stay
4. Brake
5. Rear
derailleur
6. Chain stay
7. Chain
8. Cranks
9. Pedal
10. Front
derailleur
11. Seat tube
12. Down tube
13. Top tube
14. Stem
15. Headset
16. STI dual
function
brake
and shift
lever
17. Fork
18. Rim
19. Tire
20. Tire valveSlide4
Getting Started: Buying a Bike
How much to spend?
What am I going to use my bike for?
How fit am I?Where will I ride?What kind of terrain will I be riding? How hilly is it?Will I need carrying capacity?Will I ride with a group?
Do I want to ride off-road?
Toy store, warehouse store, discount store?Slide5
The basic qualities of a good bike that will serve you well for many miles:
Wheels
– Aluminum rims, stainless steel spokesFrame – Strong, but light: steel, aluminum, titanium or carbon fiberBearings – Sealed for long life and ease of maintenance
Brakes – Powerful and easy to useShifters – indexed and at your fingertipsSlide6
Getting Started: Opportunity Cost
Strength
Weight
CostSlide7
Getting Started: Bike Types: MountainSlide8
Getting Started: Bike Types: RoadSlide9
Getting Started:
Bike Types: HybridSlide10
=
Getting Started:
Bike Types: CommuterSlide11
Getting Started: Bike Types: RecumbentSlide12
Getting Started: Bike Types: Designed for womenSlide13
Getting Started: Bike FitSlide14
Getting Started: Saddle Height
With the ball of the foot on the pedal, there should be a slight bend in the knee when the pedal is at the very bottom of the pedal stroke. If your hips rock when pedaling, the seat is too high.Slide15
Getting Started: Saddle Angle
The saddle should be flat.Slide16
With horizontal pedals, front of knee should be directly over middle of pedal.
Getting Started: Saddle fore/aftSlide17
Getting Started: Saddle Type
A saddle should support your pelvic bones and be narrow enough to prevent chafing.Slide18
Getting Started: HandlebarsSlide19
Getting Started: Brake Lever PositionSlide20
Handlebar Stem
Length and rise should be determined by riding style. Generally, longer and lower for more aggressive riders, shorter and higher for more relaxed riding.Slide21
Getting Started: PedalsSlide22
Getting Started: CranksSlide23
Getting Started: Helmet
Try on several in the storePosition – LevelFit – Snug, Bend over testStraps – Y under the ear, Tight
Do not use crashed helmetsSlide24
Getting Started: Other Equipment
GlovesCycling ShoesCycling Shorts, tights
Cycling Jersey Rain GearCold Weather GearGlassesLocksLights
Hydration System – Bottles, CamelbackSlide25
Getting Started: ABC Quick Check
A is for AirB is for BrakesC is for Cranks, Chain,
Cassette (Drive train)Quick is for quick releasesCheck is for a brief, slow ride totest
shifting, brakes and everything elseis working properlySlide26
Getting Started: Road Tools
MinimalTube and/or repair kitTire levers
Pump and/or power inflator4, 5 & 6mm Hex WrenchUsefulMulti tool
Chain toolExtra spokeTapeSafety
ID
First Aid
Change
Dollar Bill
PhoneSlide27
Getting Started: Tire Repair
Presta
SchraderSlide28
Teeth
Cogs
LOW GEAR
(
move chain to extreme left
)
HIGH GEAR
(move chain to extreme right)
Rear (
cassette)
Front (
chainrings
)
Getting Started: GearingSlide29
CHAIN
Front CHAINRINGS
(Teeth: 52 48 24)
Rear CASSETTE
5 Cogs
Teeth: 14 17 21 26 32
Getting Started: GearingSlide30
Most Riding:
Getting Started: GearingSlide31
Uphill:
Easy Pedal
Low Gear
Left Position
Getting Started: GearingSlide32
Downhill:
Hard Pedal
High Gear
Right Position
Getting Started: GearingSlide33
DON”T
:
OR
Getting Started: GearingSlide34
General Rules
Most often keep chain on MIDDLE
chainringShift only when pedalling
Don’t push hard on pedals when shiftingShift rear derailleur: Going uphill (or against wind) ------- Left
Going downhill (speed increases) --
Right
Big
uphill coming up:
Shift front
chainring
– Left
Shift
before
being on hill
Getting Started: GearingSlide35
LOW GEAR
(move chain to extreme left)Rear (cartridge) Front
22 teeth
30 teeth
Getting Started: GearingSlide36
Bicycle Gear Ratios
LOW GEARA typical bicycle has wheels that are 26 inches in diameter.
The "lowest" gear ratio on the bike might be a front chain wheel with 22 teeth and a
rear gear having 30 teeth. A gear ratio of 0.73-to-1 (22/30) means that for each pedal revolution, the rear wheel turns 0.73 times
Getting Started: GearingSlide37
Bicycle Gear Ratios
LOW GEARFor each pedal revolution, the bike moves about 60 in
(3.1416 x 26 x .73 = 59.6 in) This is 0.00096 miles/rev
At 60 RPM: 60
rev/min
x 60
min/hr
x 0.00096
miles/rev
= 3.
4
mph
(At a 60 RPM pedaling rate, the speed of the bike is
3.4
mph
)
Getting Started: GearingSlide38
HIGH GEAR
(move chain to extreme right) Rear (cartridge) Front
44 teeth
11 teeth
Getting Started: GearingSlide39
The "highest
" gear ratio on the bike might be a front chain wheel with 44 teeth and a rear gear having 11 teeth.A gear ratio of 4.0-to-1 (44/11) means that
for each pedal revolution, the rear wheel turns 4 timesFor each pedal revolution, the bike moves forward about 326 inches (3.1416 x 26 in x 4= 326 in)
Bicycle Gear Ratios
HIGH GEAR
Getting Started: GearingSlide40
For each pedal revolution, the bike moves about 326 inches (3.1416 x 26 in x 4= 326 in)
This is 0.0051 miles/rev
At 60 RPM: 60 rev/min x 60
min/hr x 0.0051 miles/rev = 18.4
mph
(At a 60 RPM pedaling rate, the speed of the bike is
18.4
mph
)
Bicycle Gear Ratios
HIGH GEAR
Getting Started: GearingSlide41
Getting Started: Brake System Inspection
Check to make sure the rim and the brake pads are clean. Wipe rim clean and sand the brake pad with sandpaper.
Check cables for freedom of movement. Enlist the assistance of a bicycle mechanic if you find difficulties with the cables.
Inspect the levers - they must be firmly installed and there must be at least 2 cm (3/4 inch) clearance between the lever and handlebars when the brake is fully applied. If necessary, tighten, lubricate, and adjust.
Make sure the brake arms move freely without resistance, and that they return to clear the wheel fully when the lever is released. If necessary, adjust, lubricate or replace.Slide42
Getting Started: Brake Pad Adjustment
Centered on rim
Toe in
Ensure not touching tireCheck operation, fine tune as necessaryCan clean pad with sand paperSlide43
Getting Started: Chain Lube
Oils are messy and collect dirt
Paraffin or teflon
lubes are cleanerApply periodically with light coatWipe off excessAvoid solvents NEVER USE WD-40Slide44
Getting Started: Helmet
Try on several in the storePosition – LevelFit – Snug, Bend over testStraps – Y under the ear, Tight
Do not use crashed helmetsSlide45
Getting Started: Other Equipment
GlovesCycling ShoesCycling Shorts, tights
Cycling Jersey Rain GearCold Weather GearGlassesLocksLights
Hydration System – Bottles, CamelbackSlide46
Getting Started: ABC Quick Check
A is for AirB is for BrakesC is for Cranks, Chain,
Cassette (Drive train)Quick is for quick releasesCheck is for a brief, slow ride totest
shifting, brakes and everything elseis working properlySlide47
Getting Started: Steering a Straight Line
Bike wants to go in a straight line Caster EffectThe Lean EffectSlide48
Getting Started: Starting
Power PositionDominant foot on pedal with crank in 2 o’clock position (for right and 10 o’clock for left)Push off, push down pedal, bring ground footPower position gives burst of speed giving more stability soonerSlide49
Getting Started: Stopping
Recommended you put your right foot down first to lean away from trafficWhile braking, put left pedal downDownshift
Shift weight to left pedalSlide off saddlePut right foot down and turn handlebars to slightly to leftDismount to right avoid trafficSlide50
Getting Started: Scanning
Head ScanBody ScanAvoid wobbling
CommunicationMake eye contactShow your faceSlide51
Getting Started: SignalingSlide52
On the Road: Principles of Traffic Law
First Come, First ServeDrive on the right-hand side of roadwayAvoid door zone
Yield to crossing trafficYield when changing lanesSpeed PositioningIntersection PositioningSlide53
Cyclists fare best when they act and are treated as drivers of vehicles.Slide54
On the Road: Bicycling in Traffic: Lane Position Rule
Ride just to the right of the motorized traffic when the lane is wide enough to safely share. When lanes are too narrow to safely share, ride in the center of the lane or just to the right of the center in the right hand tire track.
If traveling at the speed of traffic, a bicyclist should use the entire lane (take the lane). If traveling faster than other traffic, overtake on the left, keeping a safe distance from slower traffic.Slide55
On the Road: Bicycling in Traffic: Turn Lane Rule
Ride in the rightmost lane that goes to your destination. In single destination lanes, ride on the right-hand side of the lane. In multiple-destination lanes, ride in the side of the lane appropriate for your destination and current traffic conditions.Slide56
On the Road: Bicycling in Traffic: Changing Lanes
Plan aheadLook behind, perhaps several times
Signal intentionAct carefully, smoothly and deliberatelyNegotiate as necessaryNever move in front of another vehicle so closely as to constitute a hazardSlide57
On the Road: Bicycling in Traffic: Lane Positioning
Basic Maneuvers:
Straight ThroughRight Turn
Left TurnOvertakingPassing Parked CarsSlide58
On the Road: Bicycling in Traffic: Lane Positioning
ONE-WAY STREETRight turn from right side of lane.
Left turn from left side of lane if there is little turning traffic, from center or right side of lane if left and straight traffic is heavy.Slide59
On the Road: Bicycling in Traffic: Lane Positioning
RIGHT-TURN
ONLY LANESlide60
On the Road: Bicycling in Traffic: Lane Positioning
DUAL DESTINATION RIGHT-LANE TURNSlide61
On the Road: Bicycling in Traffic: Lane Positioning
TWO-WAY STREETSLeft turn from left side of lane.
Right turn from right side of lane.Slide62
On the Road: Bicycling in Traffic: Lane Positioning
TWO LANE ROAD WITH NO TURN LANESlide63
On the Road: Bicycling in Traffic: Lane Positioning
ROAD WITH LEFT-TURN-ONLY LANESlide64
On the Road: Bicycling in Traffic: Lane Positioning
ROAD WITH CONTINUOUS LEFT TURN LANESlide65
On the Road: Bicycling in Traffic: Lane Positioning
ROAD WITH CONTINUOUS LEFT TURN LANESlide66
On the Road: Bicycling in Traffic: Lane Positioning
MULTILANE ROAD WITH NO TURN LANESlide67
On the Road:
Emergency Maneuvers:Rock DodgeSlide68
On the Road:
Emergency Maneuvers:Quick Stop
quick stopSlide69
On the Road:
Emergency Maneuvers:Instant TurnSlide70
Coping: Crash Prevention
Control You Bike
– Don’t fall or collide with others
Obey the Rules – Don’t cause traffic crashes
Choose the Correct Position in the Lane
– discourage other drivers’ mistakes
Learn Hazard Avoidance Skills
– avoid other drivers mistakes
Wear a helmet
– survive a crashSlide71
Coping: Crash Avoidance: Avoidance & Collision
50% of bicycle accidents are falls caused by road hazard, cyclist mistake, etc.
Fault
Reason
Percentage
Bicyclists
Riding wrong
way facing traffic
14
Motorist
Left turn in front of cyclist
13
Motorist
Right turn
in of cyclist
11
Bicyclist
Left turn from right side of road
11
Bicyclists
Failure
to yield from driveway
9
Bicyclist
Running stop sign or signal
8
Motorist
Running stop sign or signal
8
Motorist
Open car door in front of cyclist
7
Motorist
Failure to yield from driveway
6
All Others
8Slide72
Coping: More stats
Most car/bike collisions involving child cyclists are caused by the child.
Most car/bike collisions involving adult cyclists are caused by the motorist.
The more cyclists there are, the lower the per capita casualty ratesSlide73
Coping: Motorist Errors at Intersections
Motorist Left Turn Without
Yielding to Straight-through CyclistPrevention:Be visible wear bright-colored clothing, establish eye contact, use lights at nightBe predictable maintain proper lane position, ride a straight line
Be assertive plan to take your appropriate right-of-way, and act accordinglyBe alert assess the situation and be prepared to take evasive actionAvoidance:
Quick Stop
Instant TurnSlide74
Coping: Motorist Errors at Intersections
Motorist Right Turn, Cutting in Front of Straight-through CyclistPrevention:
Be visible wear bright-colored clothing, establish eye contact, don’t ride in motorist’s blind spot;Be predictable maintain proper lane position, ride a straight line, do not pass motorist on right;
Be assertive take your appropriate right-of-way, and act accordinglyBe alert assess the situation, look for a turn signal or watch the front wheel of the car, be prepared to take evasive action.Avoidance:
Quick Stop
Instant TurnSlide75
Coping: Motorist Errors at Intersections
Motorist Pulling out into Traffic from Cross Street Without Yielding to Straight-Through Cyclist
Prevention:Be visible establish eye contact or use sound to make the motorist aware of you;Be predictable maintain position well away from the road's edge so you are visible and positioned where motorists expect to see traffic, and so you are not blocked from view by any parked cars, ride a straight line;
Be assertive plan to take your appropriate right-of-way, and act accordingly;Be alert assess the situation, and be prepared to take evasive action.Avoidance:
Quick Stop
Instant TurnSlide76
Coping: Road Hazards
DogsKidsWind Blasts
Railroad Tracks and Surface DefectsStorm GratesSteel Plates and Uneven Road SurfacesSlide77
Coping: Crash/Injury Prevention
Wear helmet - %85 of bicycle fatalities are brain injuriesKeep brakes in good working orderWear highly visible clothingAnticipate road and traffic hazards
Practice your skills!Slide78
Coping: Riding Enjoyment
Shift smoothly – match conditions, anticipate change in conditionsHow to shift – take pressure off pedals while shifting
Cadence – revolutions per minute (75 -95)Pace – 10 to 20 mph for several hours while touringSlide79
Coping: Nutrition Basics
Eat before you are hungry and drink before you are thirstyCarbs
Simple – Sugars from fruits and vegetables – provide instant energyComplex – starches – provide sustained energy
Carb rich meal night before a big ride and bagel, etc. morning ofFats – avoidProteins – Dried fruits, nuts, commercial productsSlide80
Coping: Hydration
Drink before you are thirstyPlan to drink 1 20oz bottle per hour or 12 to 14 miles. More be required on hot day
Dehydration can make you feel sick and/or lightheadedShould stop riding and rehydrate if feeling symptomsSports drinks can help with water replacement and nutrientsSlide81
Coping: Trail Etiquette
Be Courteous (yeild
to other users)Give audible and hand signals when passingYield when entering or crossing other trails
Keep rightPass on the leftBe predictableUse lights at nightDo not block trail
Do not litterSlide82
Coping: Group Riding
Use Signals
Give Warnings – Change in direction or speed
Announce overtaking – “On your left/right”Announce Hazards to groupWatch for traffic overtaking from the rear
Watch out at intersections
Leave gap for cars – when riding slow, like going uphill, leave space for cars every three or four riders
Move off the road when stopped
Single file/two abreast
Grouping at intersectionsSlide83
Coping: Educating Motorists
Did you know?98 million people in the United States own bicycles?
About 750 bicyclists are killed each year in the U.S.? 96% of bicyclists’ deaths result from crashes with motor vehicles?In all 50 states, bicyclists have the same rights and responsibilities as drivers of motor vehicles?Slide84
Coping: EducatingMotorists
Learn How To Safely Share The Road With Bicyclists
Leave at least three feet of passing space between the right side of your vehicle and a bicyclist.Be aware that when a road is too narrow for cars and bikes to ride safely side by side, bicyclists should take the travel lane, which means riding in or near the center of the lane.Reduce your speed when passing a cyclist, especially if the roadway is narrow.
When turning left at an intersection, yield to an oncoming bicyclist just as you would yield to oncoming motorists.After passing a cyclist on your right, check over your shoulder to make sure you have allowed adequate distance before merging back in.
Don’t blast your horn when approaching bicyclists.
In inclement weather, give cyclists extra trailing and passing room, just as you would other motorists.
Learn to recognize situations and obstacles that may be hazardous to cyclists, such as potholes, debris, and glass, and then give them adequate space to maneuver.
Look for bicyclists before opening your car door.
Children on bicycles often act unpredictably. Expect the unexpected.Slide85
What To Watch For
Unfortunately, not everyone who rides a bike understands or obeys the rules of the road. Some of the common cyclist errors you may encounter as a motorist are:Wrong-way riding. Cyclists riding on the left (wrong) side of the road, facing traffic cause 14% of all car/bike crashes. Look both ways before turning.
Mid-block ride-outs. This is the most frequent crash type for young riders and occurs when the bicyclist enters the roadway from a driveway, alley, or curb without slowing, stopping, or looking for traffic.Cyclist’s failure to yield to crossing traffic (25% of car/bike collisions).Cyclist’s failure to yield when changing lanes (13% of car/bike collisions).
Coping: Education Motorists