Computer Reservation Systems CRS American Airlines initiated collaboration with IBM Launched SABER 19634 Internal airline system offices airports Global Distribution Systems GDS Growth in air travel airlines CRSs ID: 1029255
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1. Digital ecosystems in tourism/aviation
2. Computer Reservation Systems (CRS)American Airlines initiated collaboration with IBMLaunched SABER 1963/4Internal airline system (offices, airports)
3. Global Distribution Systems (GDS)Growth in air travel, airlines, CRSs, ..Travel agents – needed access to «all» airlines’ systems1975: Joint Industry Reservation System project – failedAA and other airlines opened their systems for other airlinesConcentration/consolidation due to network effectsGDSs became independent market participantsPlatforms/market placesMerges, acquisitions, splits, ..
4. 1980s and 90sRegionally dominant players: US, Europe, China, Japan, Southeast Asia, South America, Middle East, ..Switches to other booking/reservation systems: hotel, car rental, tour operators, ..Extended functionality: revenue analysis and forecasting, yield management, ..Growth in travel – globalizationAirline alliancesFrequent flyer programmes, CDS ownership: airline -> group of airlines -> ... -> hedge funds
5. 2000GDSs: architectural control points in the global aviation/tourism industry (value chain)complex, expensive software: 25-30% of airline turnover, $12 pr. TicketAirlines and travel agencies wanted to bypass GDSs
6. InternetNew options:Direct sales to customersGDS New Entrants: lastminute.com, ...New Airline Core Environments vendorsGDSs becoming software vendors...
7. AnalysisProduct: flights, hotel beds: huge numbers, huge variety, information intensive?Multiplicity of interconnected platforms Ecosystem evolving over long timeGDSs: emerge – architectural control points - bypassedRecombination, structural deepening, re-domaining?Exaptive bootstrapping?Stabilization and de-stabilization processes?Interactions of digital innovation and digital transformation processes
8. Other industriesBanking and financeSWIFT, Bankenes betalingssentral, Bank Axept, BankID,..Trading platformsMedia and advertizingOil and GasHealth care