inflammation of the pharynx or pharyngeal wall characterized by pain over pharynx sore throat Classification Acute and chronic pharyngits Acute pharyngitis It is of sudden onset ID: 1011595
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1. Pharyngitis
2. Definition – inflammation of the pharynx or pharyngeal wall characterized by pain over pharynx (sore throat)Classification –Acute and chronic pharyngits
3. Acute pharyngitis It is of sudden onsetShort durationIt may be purulent or ulcerative Chronic pharyngitis Gradual onset Long duration of symptoms Due to persistent inflammation of the pharynx
4. Chronic pharyngitis are of 3 types Hypertrophic – characterized by general thickening and congestion of the pharyngeal mucous membraneAtrophic – the membrane is thin, whitish, glisteningGranular – characterized by numerous swollen lymph follicles on the pharyngeal wall If tonsillitis involves it is termed as pharyngotonsillitis
5. Majority of cases are due to an infectious organism acquired from contact with an infected individualInfectious causes Viral (40-80%)Adenovirus – lymph node enlargement will be there and severe throat painInfluenza – rapid onset of high temperature, headache and sore throatEpstein barr virus (mononucleosis) – marked redness and swelling and exudative tonsillitisHerpes simplex virus – mouth ulcers Measles ,Rhinovirus, coronavirus, RSV and HIV.Causes
6. GROUP A streptococcus (GAS)Streptococcus pneumoniaeHaemophilus influenzaeBordetella pertusisCornybacterium diphtheriaeArcanobacterium haemolyticumBACTERIAL
7. Group A beta hemolytic streptococcus (GAS)Most common bacterial cause.Fever, sore throat and large lymph nodes are the symptomsContagious - infection spread by close contactFungal causes Candida albicans – oral thrushStreptococcal pharyngitis or strep throat
8. Chemical irritation – smoking Thermal irritationHead and neck neoplasmAllergies , allergic rhinitis Gastroesophageal reflux disease Non infectious
9. Sore throat, dry or scratchy throatSneezing Runny noseHeadacheFatigueBody achesChills FeverSigns and symptoms
10. Strep throat can cause Trouble swallowingRed throat with white patchesSwollen lymph nodesFeverChillsLoss of appetite and nauseaUnusual taste in mouthGeneral malaise
11. History collectionsPhysical examinationThroat swab – cultureBlood tests – CBCRSAT – rapid streptococcal antigen testDiagnostic measures
12. Symptomatic treatment Analgesics – acetaminophen and NSAIDSSteroids (dexamethasone)acetaminophen – relieves pain Antibiotics – for bacterial infection Antiviral – for viral infectionAntifungal – imidazole, triazole, thiazoleManagement
13. Ear infectionSinusitisAbscess near the tonsilsRheumatic fever if strep throat is not treatedGlomerulonephritis Scarlet feverComplications
14. Drinking plenty of fluids Lemon tea or tea with honeyFluid food rather than solid Gargling with warm salt waterUsing throat lozengesUsing humidifierProper restAcetaminophen if needed to decrease painHome care
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16. Avoid sharing food, drinks and eating utensilsHand washing after coughing or sneezingUse alcohol based hand sanitizersAvoid smokingPrevention