Hossam Allam PhD Regional Programme Manager Strategic Concerns Programme Centre for Environment and Development for the Arab Region and Europe Current Consumption Rates Patterns 1900 2100 2002 ID: 1040153
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1. E-waste Management in the Arab Region: Status and Opportunities Hossam Allam, Ph.D.Regional Programme ManagerStrategic Concerns ProgrammeCentre for Environment and Development for the Arab Region and Europe
2. Current Consumption Rates Patterns1900210020022050Two planets are needed by 2050
3. ICT Facts and Figures
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10. ICT Industry in the Arab RegionInternet Users(Millions), World Bank Data and Indicators 2010Mobile phone subscribers (MPS) –ITU Statistics 2010
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13. ChallengesVolumesIncreasing sales of EEE, decreasing lifetimes~40M tons e-waste generated worldwideEU in 2007: ~2.5M tones recycled, 8.3 - 9.1M tons generated (EMPA)Material ContentValuable and energy-intensive precious metalsToxic materials
14. Environmental & occupational safety problemsRamifications: Toxic emissions from burningSoil & water contamination from chemical disposalInefficient recovery of precious metalsStEP – SOLVING THE E-WASTE PROBLEM
15. MaterialOccurrence in E-wasteHealth and Environmental ImpactBeryllium(OECD 2003, Taylor et al. 2003)copper-beryllium alloys, springs, relays and connections; beryllium sensitization/chronic beryllium diseasehuman carcinogensreleased as beryllium oxide dust or fume during high temperature metal processingCadmiumContacts, switches, nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) batteries, printer inks and tonerspersistent and mobile in aquatic environments (ATSDR 2000)damage to the kidneys and bone toxicity, released if plastic is burned or during high temperature metal processingLeadCircuit boards/ cathode ray tubes CTR (1 – 3 kg per CRT); Risk for small children and fetusesDamage to the nervous system, red blood cells, kidneys and potential increases in high blood pressure;Incineration can result in release to the airMercuryLighting devices that illuminate flat screen displays, switches and relaysImpacts the central nervous systemLand filling and incineration of flat panel displays results in the release to the environmentPCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls)Insulating fluids for transformers and capacitors, flame-retardant plasticizers Suppression of the immune system, liver damage, cancer promotion, damage to the nervous systemDamage to reproductive systems
16. Some FactsOne ton of recycled cell phones can generate up to 230 grams of goldMore than 70% of a mobile phone can be recycled.Current mass of phones being recycled is only about 0.001-0.003% of the total weight of waste electronic equipment each year.
17. Electronic Waste Life Cycle
18. E-waste Management Activities Survey in the Arab StatesNational AuthoritiesPrivate Sector EnterprisesNGOsNon-Arab Enterprises
19. E-waste Management ActivitiesAlgeriaAssessment of E-Waste and E-Waste Recycling Facilities 2006 – 07, BCRCEgypt:MCIT and MoE: launching “Green ICT” InitiativeEgyptian Electronic Recycling Co. (EERC) is the first electronic equipment recycling facility in EgyptSpear Ink is a pioneer in inkjet and toner environmental friendly refilling and remanufacturing
20. E-waste Management ActivitiesJordanUNEP/Basel-PACE: Recycling of used computersAssessment of E-Waste and E-Waste Recycling Facilities, 2006 – 2007, BCRCProject of re-using computers, Jordan Environment Society (JES) MoroccoManagem : E-waste treatment plant Managem and Al-Jisr: “GREEN CHIP” Project for collection of used digital equipment and E-waste recyclingCMPP: Assessment of the current situation in Morocco, 2007
21. E-waste Management ActivitiesSyriaTemporary E-waste disposal facility (2007)TunisiaRecycling facility is operating, Anged Collection and transfer of E-waste with a capacity of 1000 tons/yearYemenProposed project for compiling an E-waste/Inventory(2011)
22. Legal FrameworkInventoryCollectionRecycling & Reusing TechnologyLevel 1 – LOWNo legal framework, strategy, or normsThere is no inventoryThere is no collectionThere is no recycling/reusing mechanismIraq, Kuwait, Lebanon*, Syria, Yemen Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon*, KuwaitEgypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon*, YemenIraq, Kuwait, Syria, UAE*, YemenLevel 2There is only plan to develop legal frameworkThere is the inventory for municipal solid waste, but no designated inventory for E-waste.E-waste is locally collected by local recyclers, scavengers, etc. without any legal framework. Only recyclable E-waste is well collectedOnly recyclable and reusable E-waste is recycled and reused by local stakeholdersBahrain, Egypt, SyriaBahrain, Syria, UAE*, YemenKuwait, Syria, UAE*JordanLevel 3A legal framework is being prepared and will be issued/enforced in very near futureE-waste inventory is being preparedE-waste is well collected by local collection mechanism. Pilot separation and collectionsystems have been setupThere is a plan to set up E-waste facilityJordan, Tunisia*, UAE*Tunisia*Bahrain, EgyptLevel 4Enforcement, but the legal framework is not well conductedE-waste inventory is conducted, but lack of information and dataCollection system for E-waste is operational and includes environmentally sound disposalThere is E-wasteRecycling facility, but not achieve to full operation for all E-waste in thecountryMorocco*, TunisiaBahrainLevel 5 – HIGHFull enforcement and model legal framework for other countriesE-waste inventory is fully conducted and available on websiteCollection systems are fully operational. Our collection isrecognized as a model system byother countriesE-waste recycling facility is fully operated for all E-waste in the country and the model as the stat oft the-art recycling facility Tunisia*
23. Potential Areas of CooperationEnhance AwarenessE-waste Status: Quantity and TypeEstablishing Legal FrameworkPilot Projects Sustainable Business Solutions and Infrastructure
24. Potential Partners: National AuthoritiesBahrain: Public Commission for the Protection of Marine Resources, Environment and WildlifeEgypt: Ministry of State for Environmental Affairs, Ministry of ICTIraq: Ministry of CommunicationJordan: Ministry of EnvironmentKuwait: Environment Public AuthoritySyria: Ministry of State for Environmental AffairsYemen: Ministry of Water and Environment, Environment Protection AuthorityNational Cleaner Production Centers: Egypt and Lebanon
25. Potential Partners: Private SectorEgyptian Electronic Recycling Co. (EERC) - EgyptSpear Ink – EgyptCID Consulting - EgyptMobinil - Egypt Managem - MoroccoIBM - GermanyNokia - InternationalQTEL - Qatar Umicore - Belgium AER Worldwide Masdar - UAE
26. Potential Partners: Arab NGOsThe Royal Marine Conservation Society (JREDS) – JordanJordan Environment Society (JES), JordanAl-Urdun Al-Jadid Research Center - JordanEnvironment Society of OmanAl-Jisr Association – MoroccoCMPP - MoroccoRECYCLE IT – BahrainSpirit of Youth – EgyptEgyptian Association for Scientific and Technical ExpertsJawwal
27. Potential Partners: Non-Arab OrganizationsEMPAGTZAustrian Society for Systems Engineering and AutomationWorld BankUNEP
28. E-waste Management Programme Work Package 1: Rapid Assessment of E-waste in the Arab RegionWork Package 2: Establish Multi-stakeholder Partnership for E-waste ManagementWork Package 3: Implement Awareness Campaign about E-waste Threats and OpportunitiesWork Package 4: Develop and Enhance capacities for Environmental Friendly E-waste management SystemWork Package 5: Establish E-waste Recycle Trading System
29. CEDARE’s E-Waste ActivitiesKnowledge Sharing and transferStEP Initiative: Regional Focal Point for Middle East and North AfricaTechnical Secretariat for the Arab Region E-waste GroupE-waste Management ForumE-waste 2009: 9-10 February 2009, Cairo, EgyptE-waste 2010: 23-24 November 2010, Marrakech, MoroccoE-waste AssessmentE-waste Management Practices in the Arab Region (CEDARE and UNEP) 2008 – 2010CEDARE and EMPA Team for E-waste Assessment
30. CEDARE’s E-Waste ActivitiesCapacity BuildingE-Learning Course: Introduction on E-waste Management (eacademy.cedare.int)E-Learning Course: How to create collection and dismantling centreTechnical AssistanceProvide expertise to governmental organizations and ICT private sector enterprises.SECO/EMPA Inception Report for E-waste management needs in Egypt“Global circular economy of strategic metals - best-of-two-worlds approach (Bo2W) - Germany”
31. Ewaste Global SurveyThe aim of this survey is to collect necessary data to inform about the e-waste issue, the respective policies and standardsQuantitiesActivitiesPolicies15.05.2012StEP – SOLVING THE E-WASTE PROBLEM31http://www.surveymonkey.com/s/ewastesurvey2011
32. Thank youhallam@cedare.int