Chapter 17 In Deep Summary Bob Brown a design engineer explains the redesign process for a deepwater submarine named Alvin How A lvin will explore deeper waters in remote regions to get a glimpse into places that humans ID: 528772
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Slide1
Bob BrownChapter 17
In DeepSlide2
Summary
Bob Brown, a design engineer, explains:
the
redesign process
for a deep-water submarine named Alvin.
How
A
lvin will
explore deeper waters
in remote regions to get a glimpse into places that humans
have never seen before.
How Alvin will cope with
extreme pressure environments
The concept of
buoyant force
and how it affects the submarine’s movement.
How
a strong arm
attached to Alvin will function as well as how it will benefit the team’s effort to research deeper waterSlide3
Rubric
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Pressure
Pressure
is defined as force per unit area Slide5
Fluids
A
fluid
is a substance that flows easily, such as a liquid or a gas
When there is a fluid pressure difference, fluid will flow from the area of higher fluid pressure to the area of lower Slide6
Compressible v. incompressible
Compressible
fluids occupy a smaller and smaller volume when under increasing pressure
Incompressible
fluids do not change volume under increasing pressure.
Liquids are nearly
incompressible
fluids
.Slide7
Hydraulic systems
Hydraulic systems
use liquid to transmit power by taking advantage of fluid characteristics and pressure changes
.Slide8
Work/ Mechanical Energy
W=Fd
– The work done on and object equals the force on the object times the distance traveled where “work” is defined as mechanical energySlide9
Question 1
Question
List three systems on the Alvin that Bob’s team is planning to redesign for the Alvin’s replacement.
Answer
The replacement of the structural system will be made with titanium alloy to withstand the demanding pressure at its depth limit.
The buoyancy system replacement will not use steel weights to submerge; rather, a system called Variable Ballast System (VBS) will be used to ascend and descend.
Lastly, the new Alvin will be equipped with a robotic arm that can pick up rock, sediment, or marine life.Slide10
Question 2
Question
How is the Alvin and example of the relationship between engineers and scientists?
Answer
Engineers design the technologies that allow scientists to descend far deeper that any human could go, and to gather specimens of rock, sediment, or marine life for study.
The scientists and engineers apply their different expertise to the goal of learning more about life in the extremely high-pressure environment of the deep ocean.Slide11
Question 3
Question
Imagine that you’ve just inflated a kick ball and are holding the air in the ball with your finger over the opening. What happens when you remove your finger and the air can pass freely through the opening? Explain in terms of pressure differences and fluid movement.
Answer
There is a pressure difference between the high pressure inside the ball and lower-pressure atmospheric air. This difference will cause air to move rapidly from inside the ball to the outside until there is an equal amount of pressure inside and outside the ball.Slide12
Question 4
Question
How is the compressibility of gasses used in a designed system described in this chapter?
Answer
The compressibility of gasses is used in the VBS. Pushing water into the ballast tank compresses the air. The additional water reduces the sub’s buoyancy so it can dive. When the water is pumped back out, the air expands, increasing the buoyancy of the sub so it can resurface.Slide13
Question 5
Question
How is the
incompressibility
of gasses used in a designed system described in this chapter?
Answer
The incompressibility of liquids is used in the robotic arm. Increasing the pressure on one side of a working fluid in a hydraulic cylinder pushes on a piston, causing it to move. The piston is connected to one part of the robotic arm, causing it to move.