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Cellular Respiration 4.3 Cellular Respiration 4.3

Cellular Respiration 4.3 - PowerPoint Presentation

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Cellular Respiration 4.3 - PPT Presentation

Photosynthesis the process of absorbing light energy and converting it into stored chemical energy Chemical equation Cellular Respiration the breaking down of a food substance into usable cellular energy in the form of ATP ID: 663404

cellular respiration energy atp respiration cellular atp energy oxygen glucose nadh acid pyruvate fermentation aerobic photosynthesis produces nad electron

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Slide1

Cellular Respiration

4.3Slide2

Photosynthesis

- the process of absorbing light energy and converting it into stored chemical energy.

Chemical equation:

Cellular Respiration

- the breaking down of a food substance into usable cellular energy in the form of ATP

Chemical equation:

Cellular respiration is the opposite of photosynthesis

:

Photosynthesis combines water, carbon dioxide and light energy to form

glucose,

and oxygen is a waste product.

Cellular respiration uses oxygen to help break down glucose to form

ATP,

and water and carbon dioxide are waste products

.

The reactants of photosynthesis are the products of cellular respiration and the reactants of cellular respiration are the products of photosynthesis.

In photosynthesis light energy is stored in glucose as chemical energy so it is

endergonic

.

In cellular respiration energy is released from glucose so it is

exergonic

.Slide3

Plants, algae, and some bacteria can undergo photosynthesis and produce their own food, but they still have to undergo cellular respiration to make ATP before they can use the energy.Slide4

Cellular Respiration

Cellular

respiration ~ the breaking down of a food substance into usable cellular energy in the form of ATP.

Two

types:

Aerobic

cellular

respiration

requires oxygen

m

ost common

produces more ATP per glucose molecule

Anaerobic respiration (fermentation)

does

not require

oxygen

sometimes

used by certain cells if oxygen is not

available, some

bacteria and fungi only use anaerobic

respiration

produces less ATP per glucose moleculeSlide5

Aerobic Cellular Respiration

Glycolysis

Oxidation of

pyruvate

Kreb’s

Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)

Oxidative

PhosphorylationSlide6

Aerobic Cell Respiration1. Glycolysis

Occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell

Glucose is converted to 2

pyruvate

or pyruvic

acid molecules

Net of 2 ATP

4 ATP are produced but 2 are used

2 NADH (electron carrier)Slide7

Aerobic Cellular Respiration2. Oxidation of Pyruvate

Occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria

Each

pyruvate

molecule is converted into an acetyl-coenzyme A (acetyl-

CoA

) molecule

2 NADH

2 CO

2Slide8

Aerobic Cellular Respiration3. Kreb’s

Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)

Occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria

Each acetyl-

CoA molecule combines with an

oxaloacetic

acid molecule

2 ATP

6 NADH

4 CO22 FADH

2 (electron carrier)Slide9

Aerobic Cellular Respiration4. Oxidative

Phosphorylation

NADH and FADH

2

pass electrons to an electron transport chain in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

As electrons are passed along the electron transport chain, energy is slowly released which is used to make ATP through the process of

chemiosmosis

.

The final electron acceptor is oxygen. Oxygen

accepts 2 electrons and 2

hydrogen ion (H+) to form water.Chemiosmosis

- Hydrogen ions are actively transported across the inner mitochondrial membrane to create a high concentration. Then they diffuse through ATP

synthase

from high concentration to low concentration and ATP

synthase

synthesizes ATP.

Oxidative

phosphorylation

produces around 32 ATP per glucoseSlide10

Oxidative Phosphorylation DiagramSlide11

Aerobic cellular respiration converts 50%-60% of the energy contained in glucose into ATP. This is one of the most efficient energy processes known.

Cars use only about 20% of the energy available from the fuel.Slide12

Energy Losses in a Vehicle

Only

about 

15 percent

 of the energy from the fuel you put in your tank gets used to move your car down the road or run useful accessories, such as air conditioning. The rest of the energy is lost to engine and driveline inefficiencies and idling. Therefore, the potential to improve fuel efficiency with advanced technologies is enormous.

Engine

Losses - 62.4 percent

Idling

Losses - 17.2 percent

Accessories

- 2.2 percentDriveline Losses - 5.6 percentAerodynamic Drag - 2.6 percent

Rolling

Resistance - 4.2 percent

Overcoming

Inertia; Braking Losses - 5.8 percent

Source

www.fueleconomy.gov/feg/atv.shtmlSlide13

Anaerobic Cellular Respiration

Aka fermentation

Two types: alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation

Both types begin with

glycolysis just like in aerobic cellular

respiartionSlide14
Slide15

Anaerobic Cell Respiration

1)

Glycolysis

Occurs

in the cytoplasm of the cellGlucose is converted to 2 pyruvate

or

pyruvic

acid molecules

Net of 2 ATP

4 ATP are produced but 2 are used2 NADH (electron carrier)Slide16

Anaerobic Cellular Respiration

2) Two

types

Alcoholic fermentation- conversion of

pyruvate produces carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol and regenerates NAD+Lactic acid fermentation- conversion of

pyruvate

produces lactic acid and regenerates NAD+Slide17

Anaerobic Cellular Respiration

Lactic Acid Fermentation

Occurs in muscle cells when oxygen is not available

Certain bacteria are used to make cheese and yogurt

Alcoholic Fermentation

Occurs in yeast cells (single celled fungi) when oxygen is not available and causes dough to riseSlide18

Figure 6.13A

2 NAD

2 NADH

2 NAD

2 NADH

2 Lactate

2 Pyruvate

Glucose

2 ADP

2 ATP

2 P

GlycolysisSlide19

Figure 6.13B

2 NAD

2 NADH

2 NAD

2 NADH

2 Ethanol

2 Pyruvate

Glucose

2 ADP

2 ATP

2 P

Glycolysis

2 CO

2Slide20

Respiration and Cellular Respiration

Respiration is commonly thought of as breathing. Your body must bring in oxygen and release carbon dioxide.

Your respiratory system allows you to bring in oxygen and release carbon dioxide, and your circulatory system transports those gases to and from body tissues.

In your body tissues you need oxygen so cell respiration can occur and food substances can be broken down into usable cellular energy in the form of ATP.

Cell respiration produces carbon dioxide, which is a waste product and must be expelled from the body.Slide21