Matter All matter has two types of properties Physical properties Chemical properties Physical properties A physical property is a characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing the substance into another substance ID: 528680
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Slide1
Properties of MatterSlide2
MatterAll matter has two types of properties:
Physical properties
Chemical propertiesSlide3
Physical properties
A
physical property
is a characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing the substance into another substance.(You can see it without changing what you’re looking at into something else.) Slide4
Physical Properties - ExamplesExamples of
extensive
physical properties include:
VolumeMassWeight
SizeSlide5
Physical Properties - ExamplesExamples of intensive
physical properties include:
Density
Melting pointBoiling pointSlide6
Physical Properties - ExamplesOther physical properties
include:
Color
HardnessOdorTaste State of matter
Texture
Luster (shine)
Flexibility
Heat conductivityElectrical conductivitySolubility (ability to dissolve in water.)ShapeViscosityDuctilityMalleabilitySlide7
Physical Properties
Thermal Conductivity
: The rate at which a substance transfers heat.
State: The physical form in which a substance exists, such as a solid, liquid, gas, plasma.
Solubility
: The ability to dissolve in another substance. Ex: Flavored drink dissolves in H2O.
Ductility
: The ability of a substance to be pulled into a wire. Ex: Copper is often used to make wire because it is ductile.Malleability: The ability of a substance to be rolled or pounded into thin sheets. Ex: Aluminum foil.
Density
: The ration of the mass of a substance to the volume of the substance.Slide8
Examples of physical propertiesColor ShapeOdor
Weight
Volume
TextureMassStateDensityThermal conductivity
Solubility
Ductility
MalleabilitySlide9
DuctilitySlide10
Density HighlightDensity is the amount of matter in a given volume
What is
mass
? Mass is the amount of matter in an object. What is volume
?
Is the amount of space available for that material.
SO,
density is the amount of material that fits into a particular amount of space. Slide11
Density ContinuedDifferent materials have
different
densities.
EVERY bit of material/substance has a specific density that is the same no matter how much of it you have or from where you get the sample.Slide12
Sink or Float
Density
determines whether a substance will sink or float.
More dense= will
sink
Less dense= will
float. Slide13
Chemical propertiesA Chemical property is a characteristic of a substance that can only be observed by changing it into a different substance.Slide14
Chemical PropertiesDescribes matter based on its ability to change into
new
matter that has
different properties.
Examples of Chemical Properties:
Flammability
: The ability of a substance to burn.
Reactivity: The ability of two or more substances to combine and form one or more new substances. Slide15
Chemical properties - Examples
The ability to burn
Ability to tarnish
Ability to rustAbility to decomposeAbility to react with other chemicalsInstability
Ability to do acid/base reactionsSlide16
Examples1.Flammability
2. Reactivity
3.
Combustibility
:
The measure of how easily a substance will set on fire, through fire or combustion.Slide17
Chemical and physical properties – So what?
Titanium is very strong and doesn’t rust, so it is often used in jet engines.
Titanium is also non-allergenic. This, combined with the fact that it is rust proof makes it great for artificial joints as well as piercings.Slide18
Chemical and physical properties – So what?
Helium is almost completely nonreactive (inert).
It is lighter than air, so it’s great for floating balloons (or making funny voices.)
When electricity runs through helium, it glows a creamy pale peach color.Slide19
Chemical and physical properties – So what?In 1943, all US pennies were made of zinc plated steel because copper was being used in the war. The pennies had to be coated with
zinc
because steel will rust, but zinc won’t.Slide20
Chemical and physical properties – So what?Sulfur smells awful. Rotten eggs, onions, and garlic all have sulfur in them. Stink bombs use sulfur to create a bad smell.
Sulfur is also flammable, and it is one of the 3 main ingredients in gun powder.Slide21
Chemical and physical properties – So what?Chromium is famous for its intense luster. Chrome plated tools, jewelry, silverware, or car parts are very popular.Slide22
Law of Conservation of MatterMatter cannot be destroyed nor createdOriginally called the Law of Conservation of Mass.Antoine Laurent Lavoisier is given credit for this discovery.
Einstein stated that the Law of Conservation of Matter was the same as the Law of Conservation of energy. Energy is in matter and matter is energy. E=mc2…(energy x mass x speed of light squared).Slide23
Changes in MatterAll matter, regardless of state, undergoes physical and chemical changes.Physical changes-will change the visible appearance without changing the composition of the matter.
Chemical changes-will change the composition of matter and will create a new substance. These changes are irreversible.Slide24
Changes in Matter
Description
Is it Physical?
Is it Chemical?
Burning coal
Mixing salt & pepper
Dissolving sugar in tea
Melting an iron rod
A can rusting
Cooking scrambled eggs
Water freezing into ice cubes
Fireworks exploding
Sawing wood to make a cabinet
Bread baking
Digestion of Food
Getting a haircut
Lighting a candle
The evaporation of water off your skin
Tarnishing silver
Ice cube melting
Formation of acid rain
Crushing rocks
Blow drying your hair