Section 1 America Enters World War I Learning Objectives Identify the causes of World War I Analyze the impact of technological innovations in weaponry that resulted in stalemate on the Western Front ID: 554084
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "World War I and the 1920s (1914-1929" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
World War I and the 1920s (1914-1929
)Section 1 America Enters World War ISlide2
Learning Objectives
Identify the causes of World War I.
Analyze the impact of technological innovations in weaponry that resulted in stalemate on the Western Front.
Analyze reasons behind isolationism and neutrality in the United States before 1917.Explain why the United States entered the conflict on the side of the Allies.
World War I and the 1920s (1914-1929)
Lesson 1 America Enters World War I
Alsace-Lorraine
militarism
Francis Ferdinand
William II
Western Front
CasualtiescontrabandU-boatsLusitaniaZimmermann note
Key TermsSlide3
The Causes of World War I
M.A.I.N
Historians have traditionally cited four long-term causes of the First World War
M
ILITARISM
– The growth of nationalism and imperialism led to increased military spending
A
LLIANCE SYSTEM
– By 1907 Europe was divided into two armed camps (allies and central powers)
I
MPERIALISM
– Economic and political control over weaker nations
N
ATIONALISM
– a devotion to the interests and culture of one’s nationSlide4
Causes of World War I:
Militarism:European nations built large armies (especially Germany) – prepare for warOther nations tried to keep up (naval power)
New WeaponsMachine Guns, artillery, tanks, submarines, airplanes
Alliance System:
Allies
, consisted of France, Britain, and Russia (US would join later)
Triple Alliance / Central Powers
,
consisted of Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
Imperialism:
Nations around the world were overtaking weaker ones
Provided the resources to build a larger empireNationalismNational pride led to rivalries and conflicts between nations
Leads to industrial output, trade and completion for foreign landSlide5
The Causes of World War I
Analyze Charts Which nation had the largest navy at the beginning of World War I? Which had the most troops?Slide6
The Causes of World War I
Analyze Maps Based on the map, what can you predict about where the major battles of World War I would be fought?Slide7
Two Armed Camps!
Allied Powers
:
Central Powers
:Slide8Slide9
“THE SPARK”
The Great War Begins
Archduke Ferdinand
Gavrilo
Princip
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand Video
Slide10
The Great War Begins
Austria-Hungary demands that Serbia help in the investigationSerbia refusesAustria-Hungary Declares war on Serbia
(July 28th 1914)
Alliance SystemRussia pledged to protect Serbia
Russia declares war on Austria… Germany declares war on Russia…France declares war on Germany…Great Britain declares war on Germany…Slide11
THE FIGHTING BEGINS
Alliance system
pulled one nation after another into the conflict – The Great War had begun
Many countries believed that a strong military force would prevent war
On August 3, 1914, Germany invaded Belgium, following a strategy known as the
Schlieffen Plan
This plan called for a quick strike through Belgium to Paris, France
Great Britain declared war on Germany
Next, Germany would attack Russia
The plan was designed to prevent a two-front war for Germany
“I’ll be home by Christmas”Slide12Slide13
The War Becomes A Stalemate:
Battle of the MarneGermany invades FranceBritish and French counter
Both allies and central powers forces dug in for a long fight
Trench warfare – hand dug channels that were created all across Europe
There were 3 types of trenches:
front line
Support
reserve
Between enemy trenches was
“
no man’s land
” – an area pockmarked with shell craters and filled with barbed wire
Movie: War Horse
Trench warfareSlide14
Should America Join the Fight?
In 1914, most Americans saw no reason to join a struggle 3,000 miles away – they wanted neutralityEuropean conflict
Many Americans felt close to the British because of a shared ancestry and language
France aid during the Rev. War.
Many immigrants saw their countries being ripped apart.Immigrants felt an allegiance to their home countrySlide15
The United States Remains Neutral
Analyze Political Cartoons Based on the cartoon, what can you infer about President Wilson’s attitude toward the war?
Views on WWI
Isolationists
– not America’s businessInterventionists
– protect American interests in Europe (Allies)Internationalists
– should be active in world affairs… not enter the warSlide16
Reasons for U.S. Entry into the War
President Wilson – vowed to remain neutral
Blockades – preventing another nation from transporting goods
Britain blocked German boats
Germany used U-Boats
During the first two years of the war, America was selling the allied forces war materials and weapons
They used the sea to transport the goods
Germany
warned that any ship found in the waters around Britain would be sunk
FREEDOM OF THE SEAS
German unrestricted Submarine WarfareSlide17
Reasons for U.S. Entry into the War
German U-boats destroyed more than 11 million tons of Allied shipping and killed nearly 14,000 people.Analyze Maps Why were U-boat attacks clustered in particular areas?Slide18
The Lusitania Disaster:
The Lusitania was a British passenger liner
A German U-boat sank the Lusitania, killing all aboard (1200 people) including 128 American tourists
The Germans claimed the ship was carrying Allied ammunition
Germans promise to not to sink any more ships
Violated promiseUSS Sussex – Germany sinks another passenger ship
Sussex Pledge
Americans were outraged and public opinion turned against Germany and the Central PowersSlide19
Preparations for War
Wilson prepares for War“preparedness” National Defense Act – expanded size of armyNaval Construction Act
– built more warshipsNeutral No Longer
Zimmerman note German foreign minister Arthur Zimmerman Telegram to Mexico
Alliance with MexicoHelp Mexico regain territory lost in the Mexican American War(Texas, new Mexico, Arizona)
Telegram intercepted by British
America Enters WWI
April 2, 1917
“
Make the world safe for democracy”