Guessing Meanings from - PowerPoint Presentation

1. Guessing Meanings from Roots and AffixesWipada Prasansaph(D.Ed. – TESOL)Faculty of EducationSSRU Thailand

2. Besides the guessing meaning from contexts, we can also guess meanings of unfamiliar words from the word parts: roots (stems), prefixes (letters added to the beginning of a word to change its meaning), and suffixes (letters added to the end of a word to make a new word).

3. The root of a word expresses the primary meaning and frequently appears in combination with either a prefix or a suffix, or both.Prefixes and suffixes are called affixes.

4. Common Latin RootsLatin RootDefinitionExampleambibothambidextrous (able to use both hands equally well)aquawateraquarium(a building where people can go to see water creatures)

5. Common Latin RootsLatin RootDefinitionExampleaudto hearaudience(group of people who have gathered to listen to a concert/ watch a play)benegoodbenevolent (kind, helpful and generous)

6. Common Latin RootsLatin RootDefinitionExamplecentone hundredcentury (one hundred years)circumaroundcircumference (a line that goes around a circle or any curved shape)

7. Common Latin RootsLatin RootDefinitionExamplecontra/counteragainstcontradict (opposite),encounter (experience something (unpleasant) while you are trying to do something else)dictto saydictation (the act of speaking so that somebody can write down the word)

8. Common Latin RootsLatin RootDefinitionExampleduc/ductto leadconduct (to lead or organize an activity)facto do; to makemanufacture (to make or produce)

9. Common Latin RootsLatin RootDefinitionExampleformshapereform (to make as a shape again)fortstrengthfortitude (courage shown by somebody who is suffering great pain or facing great difficulties)

10. Common Latin RootsLatin RootDefinitionExamplefractbreak fraction (a small part of something)jectthroweject (to push something out suddenly with a lot of force)

11. Common Latin RootsLatin RootDefinitionExamplejudjudgejudicial (connected with a court, a judge, or a judgment)malbadmalnutrition (a poor condition of health caused by lack of food)

12. Common Latin RootsLatin RootDefinitionExamplematermothermaternity (the state of being/becoming a mother)mitto sendTransmit (to send an electronic signal)

13. Common Latin RootsLatin RootDefinitionExamplemortdeathmortal (be able to die)multimanymultimedia (the condition of using several kinds of media to produce something)

14. Common Latin RootsLatin RootDefinitionExamplepaterfather paternity (the fact of being a father of a child)portto carryportable (to be able to be carried)

15. Common Latin RootsLatin RootDefinitionExampleruptto breakbankrupt (without enough money to pay what you owe)scrib/scriptto writeinscription (words written in front of a book or cut in stone or metal)

16. Common Latin RootsLatin RootDefinitionExamplesect/secto cutbisect (to divide something into two equal parts)sentto feel; to sendconsent (permission to do something)

17. Common Latin RootsLatin RootDefinitionExamplespectto lookinspect (to look closely)structto buildrestructure (to organize system of something in a new way)

18. Common Latin RootsLatin RootDefinitionExamplevid/visto seevivid (producing very clear picture in your mind)vocvoice; to callvocalist ( a singer)

19. Common Greek RootsGreek RootDefinitionExampleanthropoman; human; humanityphilanthropy (the practice of helping the poor and those in need, especially by giving money)autoselfautobiography (the story of a person’s life written by that person)

20. Common Greek RootsGreek RootDefinitionExamplebiolifebiology (the study of living things)chrontimechronological (the arrangement according to the time order)

21. Common Greek RootsGreek RootDefinitionExampledynapowerdynamite (powerful explosive)dysbad; hard; unluckydyslexia (a slight disorder of brain that causes difficulty in reading and spelling)

22. Common Greek RootsGreek RootDefinitionExamplegramthing writtenepigram ( a short poem or phrase that expresses an idea in a clever or amusing way)graphwritingepigraph (a line of writing short phrase on a building or statue, or as an introduction to part of a book)

23. Common Greek RootsGreek RootDefinitionExampleheterodifferentheterogeneous (consisting of many kinds of people or things)homosamehomogenous (consisting of people or things that are all the same)

24. Common Greek RootsGreek RootDefinitionExamplehydrwaterhydration (making something absorb water)hyperover; above; beyondhyperactive (too much active)

25. Common Greek RootsGreek RootDefinitionExamplehypobelow; beneathhypothermia ( a medical condition in which the body temperature is much lower than normal)logystudy ofastrology (the study of the positions of stars in the belief that they influence human affair)

26. Common Greek RootsGreek RootDefinitionExamplemeter/metrmeasurethermometer (a device for measuring temperature)microsmallmicroscope (an instrument used for examining very small living things)

27. Common Greek RootsGreek RootDefinitionExamplemis/misohatemisanthrope ( a person who hates and avoid other people)monoonemonologue (a speech made by one person)

28. Common Greek RootsGreek RootDefinitionExamplemorphform; shapemorphology (the forms of words)nymnameantonym (a word with opposite meaning with another word) synonym (a word with the same meaning with another word

29. Common Greek RootsGreek RootDefinitionExamplephillovephilosophy (the love of wisdom)phobiafearclaustrophobia (an extreme fear of being in small confined place)

30. Common Greek RootsGreek RootDefinitionExamplephoto/phoslightphotosynthesis (the process by which green plants turn carbon dioxide and water into food using energy obtained from light from the sun)

31. Common Greek RootsGreek RootDefinitionExamplepseudofalsepseudonym (a name used by somebody, especially a writer, instead of their real name)

32. Common Greek RootsGreek RootDefinitionExamplepsychosoul; spiritpsychology (the study of mind and spirit)scopeviewing instrumenttelescope (an instrument using to observe faraway objects)

33. Common Greek RootsGreek RootDefinitionExampletechnoart; science; skilltechnique (a particular way of doing something especially one in which you have to learn special skills)

34. Common Greek RootsGreek RootDefinitionExampletelefar offtelephone (an instrument you use to speak with someone who is far from you)thermheatthermal (connected with heat)

35. Common PrefixesPrefixDefinitionExampleanti-againstantigovernment (having ideas against the government)de-oppositedevalue (lower the value of something)

36. Common PrefixesPrefixDefinitionExampledis-not; opposite ofdisorganized (not organized, messy)en-, em-cause toempower (to give power to)

37. Common PrefixesPrefixDefinitionExamplefore-before; front offoreshadow (to be a sign of something that will happen in the future)in-, im-inincome (money you receive)

38. Common PrefixesPrefixDefinitionExamplein-, im-, il-, ir-notindirect (not direct way), immoral (not in good way)illiterate (cannot read or write),irreverent (not connected)

39. Common PrefixesPrefixDefinitionExampleinter-between; amonginterrupt (speak between/ among a conversation)mid-middlemidfield (the central part of a sport field)

40. Common PrefixesPrefixDefinitionExamplemis-wronglymisspell (spell wrongly)non-notnonviolent (not violent)

41. Common PrefixesPrefixDefinitionExampleover-over; too muchovereat (eat too much)pre-beforepreview (look before you do something else)

42. Common PrefixesPrefixDefinitionExamplere-againrewrite (write again)semi-half; partly; not fullysemicircle (one half of a circle)

43. Common PrefixesPrefixDefinitionExamplesub-undersubway (the train running under the ground)super-above; beyondsuperhuman ( a human with much greater power or knowledge than normal)

44. Common PrefixesPrefixDefinitionExampletrans-acrosstransfer ( to move from one place to another)un-not; opposite ofunusual (strange, not normal)

45. Common PrefixesPrefixDefinitionExampleunder-under; too littleunderestimate (to think or guess that the amount, size, or cost of something is lower than it really is)

46. Common SuffixesSuffixDefinitionExample-able, -ibleis; can beaffordable (be able to afford something)-al, -ialhaving characteristics ofuniversal (having the characteristics of the universe, of the universe)

47. Common SuffixesSuffixDefinitionExample-edpast tense verbs; adjectivesany regular past verbs-enmade ofgolden (made of gold)

48. Common SuffixesSuffixDefinitionExample-er, -orone who; person connected withteacher (the person who teach)-ermorecomparative degree adverbs/ adjectives

49. Common SuffixesSuffixDefinitionExample-estthe mostsuperlative degree adverbs/ adjectives-fulfull ofhelpful (full of help)

50. Common SuffixesSuffixDefinitionExample-ingverb forms;present participlesverbs with –ing ending-ion, -tion, -ation, -itionact; process edition (the act of editing)

51. Common SuffixesSuffixDefinitionExample-ity, -tystate ofactivity (the state of being active)-ive, -ative, -itiveadjective form of nouns/ verbstalkative (talking very much)

52. Common SuffixesSuffixDefinitionExample-lesswithouthopeless (without hope)-lyhow something isdangerously (with dangerous manner)

53. Common SuffixesSuffixDefinitionExample-mentstate of being; act ofmovement (the act of moving)-nessstate of; condition ofhappiness (the state of being happy)

54. Common SuffixesSuffixDefinitionExample-ous, -eous, -ioushaving qualities ofcourageous (having qualities of courage)-s, -esmore than oneplural nouns with –s/-es

55. Common SuffixesSuffixDefinitionExample-ycharacterized bygloomy (nearly dark in the way that makes you feel sad)

56. Find the base meanings of the words on the right hand side.Base MeaningWords______1. manyA. polytechnic, polyclinic, polygamy ______2. oneB. microscope, microeconomics, microorganism______3. smallC. uniform, unicycle, unisex

57. Find the base meanings of the words on the right hand side.Base MeaningWords______4. betweenD. superman, supermarket, supernatural______5. wrongE. subway, subconscious, subordinate ______6. underF. misbehave, misspell, misunderstand______7. aboveG. interrupt, interfere, intersection

58. Find the base meanings of the words on the right hand side.Base MeaningWords______8. buildH. claustrophobia, xenophobia, acrophobia______9. aroundI. construction, destruction, restructure______10. fearJ. circumstance, circumlocution, circumference

59. Guess the meaning of the underlined word without looking at the dictionary.In many countries, women are subordinate to men. a. living together b. living separately c. having less power d. having more power

60. Guess the meaning of the underlined word without looking at the dictionary.Rose chose Anthropology as her major study. a. the study of stars b. the study of plants c. the study of the universe d. the study of human race

61. Guess the meaning of the underlined word without looking at the dictionary.In some societies, polygamy is accepted. a. having many children b. having more than one wives c. getting married only in the name d. getting married with a foreigner

62. Guess the meaning of the underlined word without looking at the dictionary.People gathered around the famous Korean singer and asked for his autograph. a. signature b. personal belonging c. the writing about himself d. speech about his experience

63. Guess the meaning of the underlined word without looking at the dictionary.Politicians often use hyperbole and accuse other politicians of using hyperbole. a. using impolite words b. using luxurious words c. speaking beyond the true story d. speaking to many foreign words

64. Guess the meaning of the underlined word without looking at the dictionary.Bob is an ambidextrous person, but I am left-handed. a. able to use both hands well b. able to write by the left hand c. able to eat with both hands d. able to swim with one hand

65. Guess the meaning of the underlined word without looking at the dictionary.The school principal is ready for the inspection. a. written form of a book b. giving a formal speech c. deep examination (of the school) d. performance before the real one

66. Guess the meaning of the underlined word without looking at the dictionary.Rose has to use the circumlocution technique to communicate with Mr. Jones. a. the use of many tools to help her b. the use of technology to communicate c. the use of many words to describe one idea d. the use of symbols to represent the ideas

67. Guess the meaning of the underlined word without looking at the dictionary.The devaluation of the Baht in the 1997 economic crisis caused a lot of problems at that time. a. increasing the value b. decreasing the value c. equating the value of the Baht with other currency d. exchanging the value of the Baht with other currency

68. Guess the meaning of the underlined word without looking at the dictionary.I always use the pseudonym when I write short stories. a. the false name b. the real name c. the name of other people d. the name of a famous person

69. Thank you and good bye.