Confounder is a variable that is associated with the exposure and independent of that exposure is a risk factor for the disease Multiple regression allows us to add additional variables into our equation holding these additional covariate constantadjusting for confounding ID: 928393
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Slide1
Confounding
An apparent association between disease and exposure caused by a third factor not taken into considerationConfounder is a variable that is associated with the exposure and independent of that exposure, is a risk factor for the disease.Multiple regression allows us to add additional variables into our equation (holding these additional covariate constant—adjusting for confounding)
AC B
Slide2Study A found an association between cigar smoking and baldness -The study was
confounded by age Baldness= constant + b1(cigar smoking) + b2
(age)Study B found a protective effect between animal companions and heart attack The study may be confounded by the fact that pets require care and pet owners were more active or able to physically care for themThe study may also be confounded by the fact that those who can tolerate pets are more easy-going (Type B personalities)Heart attack= constant + b1 (animalcompanion) + b2 (active/able to care) + b3 (easy going)